Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers (Fixed) Software Configuration Guide
Troubleshooting
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Table Of Contents

Troubleshooting

Getting Started

Before Contacting Cisco or Your Reseller

ADSL Troubleshooting

SHDSL Troubleshooting

PortFast Troubleshooting

ATM Troubleshooting Commands

ping atm interface Command

show interface Command

show atm interface Command

debug atm Commands

Guidelines for Using Debug Commands

debug atm errors Command

debug atm events Command

debug atm packet Command

Software Upgrade Methods

Recovering a Lost Password

Change the Configuration Register

Reset the Router

Reset the Password and Save Your Changes

Reset the Configuration Register Value

Managing Your Router with SDM


Troubleshooting

Use the information in this chapter to help isolate problems you might encounter or to rule out the router as the source of a problem. This chapter contains the following sections:

•Getting Started

•Before Contacting Cisco or Your Reseller

•ADSL Troubleshooting

•SHDSL Troubleshooting

•PortFast Troubleshooting

•ATM Troubleshooting Commands

•Software Upgrade Methods

•Recovering a Lost Password

•Managing Your Router with SDM

Getting Started

Before troubleshooting a software problem, you must connect a terminal or PC to the router using the light-blue console port. (For information on making this connection, see the documentation listed in the "Related Documents" section on page 14.) With a connected terminal or PC, you can view status messages from the router and enter commands to troubleshoot a problem.

You can also remotely access the interface (Ethernet, ADSL, or telephone) by using Telnet. The Telnet option assumes that the interface is up and running.

Before Contacting Cisco or Your Reseller

If you cannot locate the source of a problem, contact your local reseller for advice. Before you call, you should have the following information ready:

•Chassis type and serial number

•Maintenance agreement or warranty information

•Type of software and version number

•Date you received the hardware

•Brief description of the problem

•Brief description of the steps you have taken to isolate the problem

ADSL Troubleshooting

If you experience trouble with the ADSL connection, verify the following:

•The ADSL line is connected and is using pins 3 and 4. For more information on the ADSL connection, see the hardware guide for your router.

•The ADSL CD LED is on. If it is not on, the router may not be connected to the DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM). For more information on the ADSL LEDs, see the hardware installation guide specific for your router.

•The correct Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) virtual path indentifier/virtual circuit identifier (VPI/VCI) is being used.

•The DSLAM supports discrete multi-tone (DMT) Issue 2.

•The ADSL cable that you connect to the Cisco router must be 10BASE-T Category 5, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable. Using regular telephone cable can introduce line errors.

SHDSL Troubleshooting

Symmetrical high-data-rate digital subscriber line (SHDSL) is available on the Cisco 1803 router model. If you experience trouble with the SHDSL connection, verify the following:

•The SHDSL line is connected and using pins 3 and 4. For more information on the G.SHDSL connection, see the hardware guide for your router.

•The G.SHDSL LED is on. If it is not on, the router may not be connected to the DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM). For more information on the G.SHDSL LED, see the hardware installation guide specific for your router.

•The correct asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path indentifier/virtual circuit identifier (VPI/VCI) is being used.

•The DSLAM supports the G.SHDSL signaling protocol.

Use the show controllers dsl 0 command in privileged EXEC mode to view an SHDSL configuration.

PortFast Troubleshooting

PortFast is a feature that you typically enable for a port or interface that connects to a host. When the link comes up on this port, the bridge skips the first stages of the STA and directly transitions to forwarding mode.

If you use the PortFast feature on switch ports or interfaces that connect to other switches, hubs, or routers, a network loop might get created. If the looped traffic is heavy, the bridge might experience problems with the successful transmission of the BPDU that stops the loop. This problem could delay convergence, or in extreme cases, bring down the network.

Caution Do not use the PortFast feature on switch ports or interfaces that connect to other switches, hubs, or routers. Otherwise, you might create a network loop.

For details, see the "PortFast Configuration Error" section in the Spanning Tree Protocol Problems and Related Design Considerations document.

ATM Troubleshooting Commands

Use the following commands to troubleshoot your ATM interface.

•ping atm interface Command

•show interface Command

•show atm interface Command

•debug atm Commands

ping atm interface Command

Use the ping atm interface command to determine whether a particular PVC is in use. The PVC does not need to be configured on the router to use this command. Example 14-1 shows the use of this command to determine whether PVC 8/35 is in use.

Example 14-1 Determining If a PVC Is in Use 

Router# ping atm interface atm 0 8 35 seg-loopback 


Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 53-byte segment OAM echoes, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 148/148/148 ms

!----This command sends five OAM F5 loopback packets to the DSLAM (segment OAM packets). 
If the PVC is configured at the DSLAM, the ping is successful.


!----To test whether the PVC is being used at the aggregator, enter the following command:


Router# ping atm interface atm 0 8 35 end-loopback 


Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 53-byte end-to-end OAM echoes, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 400/401/404 ms


!----This command sends end-to-end OAM F5 packets, which are echoed back by the 
aggregator.

show interface Command

Use the show interface command to display the status of all physical ports (Ethernet and ATM) and logical interfaces on the router. Example 14-2 shows sample command output.

Example 14-2 Viewing the Status of Selected Interfaces 

Router# show interface atm 0

ATM0 is up, line protocol is up 

  Hardware is PQUICC_SAR (with Alcatel ADSL Module)

  Internet address is 14.0.0.16/8

  MTU 1500 bytes, sub MTU 1500, BW 640 Kbit, DLY 80 usec, 

     reliability 40/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set

  Keepalive not supported 

  Encapsulation(s):AAL5, PVC mode

  10 maximum active VCs, 1 current VCCs

  VC idle disconnect time:300 seconds

  Last input 01:16:31, output 01:16:31, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

  Input queue:0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops:0

  Queueing strategy:Per VC Queueing

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     512 packets input, 59780 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 1024 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     426 packets output, 46282 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out


Router# show interface fastethernet 0

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up 

Hardware is PQUICC Ethernet, address is 0000.Oc13.a4db 

(bia0010.9181.1281)

Internet address is 170.1.4.101/24

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, 

	reliability 255/255., txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

	Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set

	Keepalive set (10 sec)


Router# show interface dialer 1

Dialer 1 is up, line protocol is up 

	Hardware is Dialer interface

	Internet address is 1.1.1.1/24

	MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100000 usec, reliability

		255/255. txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

	Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set

	Keepalive set (10 sec)

DTR is pulsed for 5 seconds on reset

LCP Closed

Table 14-1 describes possible command output for the show interface command.

Table 14-1 show interface Command Output Description 

Output
Cause
For ATM Interfaces

ATM 0 is up, line protocol is up

The ATM line is up and operating correctly.

ATM 0 is down, line protocol is down

•The ATM interface has been disabled with the shutdown command

or

•The ATM line is down, possibly because the ADSL cable is disconnected or because the wrong type of cable is connected to the ATM port.

ATM 0.n is up, line protocol is up

The specified ATM subinterface is up and operating correctly.

ATM 0.n is administratively down, line protocol is down

The specified ATM subinterface has been disabled with the shutdown command.

ATM 0.n is down, line protocol is down

The specified ATM subinterface is down, possibly because the ATM line has been disconnected (by the service provider).

For Fast Ethernet Interfaces

Fast Ethernet n is up, line protocol is up

The specified Fast Ethernet interface is connected to the network and operating correctly.

Fast Ethernet n is up, line protocol is down

The specified Fast Ethernet interface has been correctly configured and enabled, but the Ethernet cable might be disconnected from the LAN.

Fast Ethernet n is administratively down, line protocol is down

The specified Fast Ethernet interface has been disabled with the shutdown command, and the interface is disconnected.

For Dialer Interfaces

Dialer n is up, line protocol is up

The specified dialer interface is up and operating correctly.

Dialer n is down, line protocol is down

•This is a standard message and may not indicate anything is actually wrong with the configuration

or

•If you are having problems with the specified dialer interface, this can mean it is not operating, possibly because the interface has been brought down with the shutdown command, or the ADSL cable is disconnected.


show atm interface Command

To display ATM-specific information about an ATM interface, use the show atm interface atm 0 command from privileged EXEC mode, as shown in Example 14-3.

Example 14-3 Viewing Information About an ATM Interface 

Router# show atm interface atm 0

Interface ATM0:

AAL enabled:  AAL5   AAL2, Maximum VCs: 23, Current VCCs: 0


VCIs per VPI: 1024, 

Max. Datagram Size: 4528

PLIM Type: ADSL - 4608Kbps Upstream, DMT, TX clocking: LINE

0 input, 0 output, 0 IN fast, 0 OUT fast

 Avail bw = 4608 

Config. is ACTIVE

Table 14-2 describes some of the fields shown in the command output.

Table 14-2 show atm interface Command Output Description 

Field
Description

ATM interface

Interface number. Always 0 for the Cisco 1800 fixed-configuration routers.

AAL enabled

Type of AAL enabled. The Cisco 1800 fixed-configuration routers support AAL5.

Maximum VCs

Maximum number of virtual connections this interface supports.

Current VCCs

Number of active virtual channel connections (VCCs).

Maximum Transmit
Channels

Maximum number of transmit channels.

Max Datagram Size

Configured maximum number of bytes in the largest datagram.

PLIM Type

Physical layer interface module (PLIM) type.


debug atm Commands

Use the debug commands to troubleshoot configuration problems that you might be having on your network. The debug commands provide extensive, informative displays to help you interpret any possible problems.

Guidelines for Using Debug Commands

Read the following guidelines before using debug commands to ensure appropriate results.

•All debug commands are entered in privileged EXEC mode.

•To view debugging messages on a console, enter the logging console debug command.

•Most debug commands take no arguments.

•To disable debugging, enter the undebug all command.

•To use debug commands during a Telnet session on your router, enter the terminal monitor command.

Caution Debugging is assigned a high priority in your router CPU process, and it can render your router unusable. For this reason, use debug commands only to troubleshoot specific problems. The best time to use debug commands is during periods of low network traffic so that other activity on the network is not adversely affected.

You can find additional information and documentation about the debug commands in the Cisco IOS Debug Command Reference.

debug atm errors Command

Use the debug atm errors command to display ATM errors. The no form of this command disables debugging output. Example 14-4 shows a sample output.

Example 14-4 Viewing ATM Errors 

Router# debug atm errors

ATM errors debugging is on

Router#

01:32:02:ATM(ATM0.2):VC(3) Bad SAP received 4500

01:32:04:ATM(ATM0.2):VC(3) Bad SAP received 4500

01:32:06:ATM(ATM0.2):VC(3) Bad SAP received 4500

01:32:08:ATM(ATM0.2):VC(3) Bad SAP received 4500

01:32:10:ATM(ATM0.2):VC(3) Bad SAP received 4500

debug atm events Command

Use the debug atm events command to display events that occur on the ATM interface processor and to diagnose problems in an ATM network. This command provides an overall picture of the stability of the network. The no form of this command disables debugging output.

If the interface is successfully communicating with the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) at the telephone company, the modem state is 0x10. If the interface is not communicating with the DSLAM, the modem state is 0x8. Example 14-5 shows an ADSL line that is up and communicating successfully. Example 14-6 shows an ADSL line that is not communicating correctly. Note that the modem state does not transition to 0x10.

Example 14-5 Viewing ATM Interface Processor Events—Success 

Router# debug atm events

Router#

00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command.

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5

00:02:57: DSL: Received response: 0x26

00:02:57: DSL: Unexpected response 0x26

00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command.

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:02: DSL: 2: Modem state = 0x10

00:03:05: DSL: 3: Modem state = 0x10

00:03:07: DSL: 4: Modem state = 0x10

00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x24

00:03:09: DSL: Showtime!

00:03:09: DSL: Sent command 0x11

00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x61

00:03:09: DSL: Read firmware revision 0x1A04

00:03:09: DSL: Sent command 0x31

00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x12

00:03:09: DSL: operation mode 0x0001

00:03:09: DSL: SM: [DMTDSL_DO_OPEN -> DMTDSL_SHOWTIME]

Example 14-6 Viewing ATM Interface Processor Events—Failure 

Router# debug atm events

Router#

00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command.

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5

00:02:57: DSL: Received response: 0x26

00:02:57: DSL: Unexpected response 0x26

00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command.

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA

00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8

debug atm packet Command

Use the debug atm packet command to display all process-level ATM packets for both outbound and inbound packets. The output reports information online when a packet is received or a transmission is attempted. The no form of this command disables debugging output.

Caution Because the debug atm packet command generates a significant amount of output for every packet processed, use it only when network traffic is low, so that other system activities are not adversely affected.

The command syntax is:

debug atm packet [interface atm number [vcd vcd-number] [vc vpi/vci number]]

no debug atm packet [interface atm number [vcd vcd-number] [vc vpi/vci number]]

where the keywords are defined as follows:

interface atm number (Optional) ATM interface or subinterface number.

vcd vcd-number (Optional) Number of the virtual circuit designator (VCD).

vc vpi/vci number VPI/VCI value of the ATM PVC.

Example 14-7 shows a sample output.

Example 14-7 Viewing ATM Packet Processing 

Router# debug atm packet

Router#

01:23:48:ATM0(O):

VCD:0x1 VPI:0x1 VCI:0x64 DM:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70

01:23:48:4500 0064 0008 0000 FF01 9F80 0E00 0010 0E00 0001 0800 A103 0AF3 17F7 0000 

01:23:48:0000 004C BA10 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:

01:23:48:ATM0(I):

VCD:0x1 VPI:0x1 VCI:0x64 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70

01:23:48:4500 0064 0008 0000 FE01 A080 0E00 0001 0E00 0010 0000 A903 0AF3 17F7 0000 

01:23:48:0000 004C BA10 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 

01:23:48:

Table 14-3 describes some of the fields shown in the debug atm packet command output.

Table 14-3 debug atm packet Command Output Description 

Field
Description

ATM0

Interface that is generating the packet.

(O)

Output packet. (I) would mean receive packet.

VCD: 0xn

Virtual circuit associated with this packet, where n is some value.

VPI: 0xn

Virtual path identifier for this packet, where n is some value.

DM: 0xn

Descriptor mode bits, where n is some value.

Length: n

Total length of the packet (in bytes) including the ATM headers.


Software Upgrade Methods

Several methods are available for upgrading software on the Cisco 1800 series integrated services fixed-configuration routers, including:

•Copy the new software image to flash memory over the LAN or WAN while the existing Cisco IOS software image is operating.

•Copy the new software image to flash memory over the LAN while the boot image (ROM monitor) is operating.

•Copy the new software image over the console port while in ROM monitor mode.

•From ROM monitor mode, boot the router from a software image that is loaded on a TFTP server. To use this method, the TFTP server must be on the same LAN as the router.

Recovering a Lost Password

To recover a lost enable or lost enable-secret password:

1. Change the Configuration Register

2. Reset the Router

3. Reset the Password and Save Your Changes (for lost enable secret passwords only)

4. Reset the Configuration Register Value

Note Recovering a lost password is only possible when you are connected to the router through the console port. These procedures cannot be performed through a Telnet session.

Tip See the "Hot Tips" section on Cisco.com for additional information on replacing enable secret passwords.

Change the Configuration Register

To change a configuration register, follow these steps:

Step 1 Connect an ASCII terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the CONSOLE port on the rear panel of the router.

Step 2 Configure the terminal to operate at 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.

Step 3 At the privileged EXEC prompt (router_name #), enter the show version command to display the existing configuration register value (shown in bold at the bottom of this output example): 

Router# show version

Cisco IOS Software, C180X Software (C180X-ADVENTERPRISEK9-M), Version 12.4(1.8)PI2c 
ENGINEERING WEEKLY BUILD, synced to haw_t BASE_LABEL_OF_V124_2_T_THROTTLE

Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Fri 27-May-05 16:14 by ccai


ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.3(8r)YH4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)


ng-esw1-uut1 uptime is 1 hour, 21 minutes

System returned to ROM by power-on

System image file is "flash:bootimage.ng-esw1-uut1"



This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United

States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and

use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply

third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.

Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for

compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you

agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable

to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.


A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:

http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html


If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to

export@cisco.com.


Cisco 1801 (MPC8500) processor (revision 0x200) with 118784K/12288K bytes of memory.

Processor board ID FHK091412QA, with hardware revision 0000


9 FastEthernet interfaces

1 ISDN Basic Rate interface

1 ATM interface

31360K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)


Configuration register is 0x2102

Step 4 Record the setting of the configuration register.

Step 5 Enter the config-register value command to set the new configuration register value. For example, to enable the break setting (indicated by the value of bit 8 in the configuration register), enter the config-register 0x01 command from privileged EXEC mode.

•Break enabled—Bit 8 is set to 0.

•Break disabled (default setting)—Bit 8 is set to 1.

Reset the Router

To reset the router, follow these steps:

Step 1 If break is enabled, go to Step 2. If break is disabled, turn the router off (O), wait 5 seconds, and turn it on (|) again. Within 60 seconds, press the Break key. The terminal displays the ROM monitor prompt. Go to Step 3.

Note Some terminal keyboards have a key labeled Break. If your keyboard does not have a Break key, see the documentation that came with the terminal for instructions on how to send a break.

Step 2 Press break. The terminal displays the following prompt: 

rommon 2>

Step 3 Enter confreg 0x142 to reset the configuration register: 

rommon 2> confreg 0x142

Step 4 Initialize the router by entering the reset command: 

rommon 2> reset

The router cycles its power, and the configuration register is set to 0x142. The router uses the boot ROM system image, indicated by the system configuration dialog: 

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Step 5 Enter no in response to the prompts until the following message is displayed: 

Press RETURN to get started!

Step 6 Press Return. The following prompt appears: 

Router>

Step 7 Enter the enable command to enter enable mode. Configuration changes can be made only in enable mode: 

Router> enable

The prompt changes to the privileged EXEC prompt: 

Router#

Step 8 Enter the show startup-config command to display an enable password in the configuration file: 

Router# show startup-config

If you are recovering an enable password, omit the following "Reset the Password and Save Your Changes" section, and complete the password recovery process by performing the steps in the "Reset the Configuration Register Value" section.

If you are recovering an enable secret password, it is not displayed in the show startup-config command output. Complete the password recovery process by performing the steps in the following "Reset the Password and Save Your Changes" section.

Reset the Password and Save Your Changes

To reset your password and save the changes, follow these steps:

Step 1 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode: 

Router# configure terminal

Step 2 Enter the enable secret command to reset the enable secret password in the router: 

Router(config)# enable secret password

Step 3 Enter exit to exit global configuration mode: 

Router(config)# exit

Step 4 Save your configuration changes: 

Router# copy running-config startup-config

Reset the Configuration Register Value

To reset the configuration register value after you have recovered or reconfigured a password, follow these steps:

Step 1 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode: 

Router# configure terminal

Step 2 Enter the configure register command and the original configuration register value that you recorded. 

Router(config)# config-reg value

Step 3 Enter exit to exit configuration mode: 

Router(config)# exit

Note To return to the configuration being used before you recovered the lost enable password, do not save the configuration changes before rebooting the router.

Step 4 Reboot the router, and enter the recovered password.

Managing Your Router with SDM

The Cisco SDM tool is a free software configuration utility, supporting the Cisco 1800 series integrated services fixed-configuration routers. It includes a web-based GUI that offers the following features:

•Simplified setup

•Advanced configuration

•Router security

•Router monitoring