Table Of Contents

Configuring a Simple Firewall

Configure Access Lists

Configure Inspection Rules

Apply Access Lists and Inspection Rules to Interfaces

Configuration Example

Configuring a Simple Firewall

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The Cisco 1800 integrated services routers support network traffic filtering by means of access lists. The router also supports packet inspection and dynamic temporary access lists by means of Context-Based Access Control (CBAC).

Basic traffic filtering is limited to configured access list implementations that examine packets at the network layer or, at most, the transport layer, permitting or denying the passage of each packet through the firewall. However, the use of inspection rules in CBAC allows the creation and use of dynamic temporary access lists. These dynamic lists allow temporary openings in the configured access lists at firewall interfaces. These openings are created when traffic for a specified user session exits the internal network through the firewall. The openings allow returning traffic for the specified session (that would normally be blocked) back through the firewall.

See the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.3, for more detailed information on traffic filtering and firewalls.

Figure 8-1 shows a network deployment using PPPoE or PPPoA with NAT and a firewall.

Figure 8-1 Router with Firewall Configured

1	Multiple networked devices—Desktops, laptop PCs, switches
2	Fast Ethernet LAN interface (the inside interface for NAT)
3	PPPoE or PPPoA client and firewall implementation—Cisco 1811/1812 or Cisco 1801/1802/1803 series integrated services router, respectively
4	Point at which NAT occurs
5	Protected network
6	Unprotected network
7	Fast Ethernet or ATM WAN interface (the outside interface for NAT)

In the configuration example that follows, the firewall is applied to the outside WAN interface (FE0) on the Cisco 1811 or Cisco 1812 and protects the Fast Ethernet LAN on FE2 by filtering and inspecting all traffic entering the router on the Fast Ethernet WAN interface FE1. Note that in this example, the network traffic originating from the corporate network, network address 10.1.1.0, is considered safe traffic and is not filtered.

Configuration Tasks

Perform the following tasks to configure this network scenario:

•Configure Access Lists

•Configure Inspection Rules

•Apply Access Lists and Inspection Rules to Interfaces

An example showing the results of these configuration tasks is shown in the section "Configuration Example."

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Note The procedures in this chapter assume that you have already configured basic router features as well as PPPoE or PPPoA with NAT. If you have not performed these configurations tasks, see Chapter 1, "Basic Router Configuration," Chapter 3, "Configuring PPP over Ethernet with NAT," and Chapter 4, "Configuring PPP over ATM with NAT," as appropriate for your router. You may have also configured DHCP, VLANs, and secure tunnels.

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Configure Access Lists

Perform these steps to create access lists for use by the firewall, beginning in global configuration mode:

	Command	Purpose
Step 1	access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} protocol source source-wildcard [operator [port]] destination Example: Router(config)# access-list 103 permit host 200.1.1.1 eq isakmp any Router(config)#	Creates an access list which prevents Internet- initiated traffic from reaching the local (inside) network of the router, and which compares source and destination ports. See the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 4: Addressing and Services for details about this command.
Step 2	access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} protocol source source-wildcard destination destination-wildcard Example: Router(config)# access-list 105 permit ip 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 Router(config)#	Creates an access list that allows network traffic to pass freely between the corporate network and the local networks through the configured VPN tunnel.

Configure Inspection Rules

Perform these steps to configure firewall inspection rules for all TCP and UDP traffic, as well as specific application protocols as defined by the security policy, beginning in global configuration mode:

	Command or Action	Purpose
Step 1	ip inspect name inspection-name protocol Example: Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall tcp Router(config)#	Defines an inspection rule for a particular protocol.
Step 2	ip inspect name inspection-name protocol Example: Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall rtsp Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall h323 Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall netshow Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall ftp Router(config)# ip inspect name firewall sqlnet Router(config)#	Repeat this command for each inspection rule that you wish to use.

Apply Access Lists and Inspection Rules to Interfaces

Perform these steps to apply the ACLs and inspection rules to the network interfaces, beginning in global configuration mode:

	Command	Purpose
Step 1	interface type number Example: Router(config)# interface vlan 1 Router(config-if)#	Enters interface configuration mode for the inside network interface on your router.
Step 2	ip inspect inspection-name {in | out} Example: Router(config-if)# ip inspect firewall in Router(config-if)#	Assigns the set of firewall inspection rules to the inside interface on the router.
Step 3	exit Example: Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)#	Returns to global configuration mode.
Step 4	interface type number Example: Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0 Router(config-if)#	Enters interface configuration mode for the outside network interface on your router.
Step 5	ip access-group {access-list-number | access-list-name} {in | out} Example: Router(config-if)# ip access-group 103 in Router(config-if)#	Assigns the defined ACLs to the outside interface on the router.
Step 6	exit Example: Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)#	Returns to global configuration mode.

Configuration Example

A telecommuter is granted secure access to a corporate network, using IPSec tunneling. Security to the home network is accomplished through firewall inspection. The protocols that are allowed are all TCP, UDP, RTSP, H.323, NetShow, FTP, and SQLNet. There are no servers on the home network; therefore, no traffic is allowed that is initiated from outside. IPSec tunneling secures the connection from the Home LAN to the corporate network.

Like the Internet Firewall Policy, HTTP need not be specified because Java blocking is not necessary. Specifying TCP inspection allows for single-channel protocols such as Telnet and HTTP. UDP is specified for DNS.

The following configuration example shows a portion of the configuration file for the simple firewall scenario described in the preceding sections.

! Firewall inspection is setup for all tcp and udp traffic as well as specific application 

protocols as defined by the security policy.

ip inspect name firewall tcp	

ip inspect name firewall udp

ip inspect name firewall rtsp

ip inspect name firewall h323

ip inspect name firewall netshow

ip inspect name firewall ftp

ip inspect name firewall sqlnet

!

interface vlan 1	! This is the internal home network

ip inspect firewall in	 ! inspection examines outbound traffic

	no cdp enable

!

interface fastethernet 0	! FE0 is the outside or internet exposed interface.

ip access-group 103 in	 ! acl 103 permits ipsec traffic from the corp. router as well as 

denies internet initiated traffic inbound.

	ip nat outside

	no cdp enable

!

! acl 103 defines traffic allowed from the peer for the ipsec tunnel.

access-list 103 permit udp host 200.1.1.1 any eq isakmp

access-list 103 permit udp host 200.1.1.1 eq isakmp any

access-list 103 permit esp host 200.1.1.1 any

access-list 103 permit icmp any any	 ! allow icmp for debugging but should be disabled due 

to security implications.

access-list 103 deny ip any any	 ! prevents internet initiated traffic inbound.

no cdp run

!