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Cisco Active Network Abstraction Technology Support and Information Model Reference Manual, 3.6
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Introduction
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Internet Protocol "IP"
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Routing Protocols "BGP/OSPF"
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Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
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Token Ring "TR" (IEEE 802.5)
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode "ATM"
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Frame Relay "FR"
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Point-to-Point Protocol "PPP" and High Level Data Link Control "HDLC"
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Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol "L2TP"
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Digital Subscriber Line "DSL" and Integrated Services Digital Network "ISDN"
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Physical Technologies
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Multiprotocol Label Switching "MPLS"
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Multi Protocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE)
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Virtual Private Networks "VPNs"
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Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3)
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Quality of Service "QoS"
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Physical Equipment
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Base Logical Components
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Common (Shared by Several)
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Feedback
Table Of Contents
Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
Link Aggregation Group Port Entry
Data Link Aggregation Container
Spanning Tree Protocol Service
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Service
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Properties
Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Multi Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Per Virtual LAN Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Spanning Tree Protocol Port Information
Multi Spanning Tree Protocol Port Information
Vendor Specific Inventory and Information Model Objects
Opening Cisco ANA PathTracer Over Networks
Using Cisco ANA PathTracer to View Path Information
Ethernet (IEEE 802™.3)
This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for Ethernet, as follows:
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Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
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Technology Description
Ethernet
Ethernet refers to the family of Local Area Network (LAN) products covered by the IEEE 802.3 standard that defines what is commonly known as the CSMA/CD protocol. Three data rates are currently defined for operation over optical fiber and twisted-pair cables: 10Base-T Ethernet (10Mbps), Fast Ethernet (100Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps) and 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10Gbps).
The IEEE 802.3 standard provides both Media Access Control (MAC) (Layer 2), with Addressing, Duplexing, Differential Services and Flow Control attributes, and various Physicals (Layer 1) definitions, with Media, Clocking and Speed attributes. In addition, it provides a Link Aggregation (LAG) (aka Ethernet Channel) for providing both higher link capacity and availability.
LAG
A Link Aggregation (LAG) is a group of two or more network links bundled together to appear as a single link based on IEEE 802.3ad standard. For instance, bundling two 100Mbps network interfaces into a single link creates one 200Mbps link. A LAG may include two or more network cards and two or more cables, but the software sees the link as one logical link.
A LAG provides capacity increase, load balancing and higher link availability, which prevents the failure of any single component link leading to a disruption of the communications between the interconnected devices.
Carrier Ethernet
A Carrier Ethernet is a computer network based on the Ethernet standards covering a metropolitan area. It is commonly used as a metropolitan access network to connect subscribers and businesses to a Wide Area Network, such as the Internet. Large businesses can also use Carrier Ethernet to connect branch offices to their Intranets.
A typical service provider Carrier Ethernet network is a collection of Layer 2 or 3 switches or routers connected through optical fiber. The topology could be a ring, hub-and-spoke (star), full mesh or partial mesh. The network will also have a hierarchy; core, distribution and access. The core in most cases is an existing IP/MPLS backbone.
Ethernet on the MAN can be used as pure Ethernet, Ethernet over SDH, Ethernet over MPLS or Ethernet over DWDM. Pure Ethernet-based deployments are cheap but less reliable and scalable, and thus are usually limited to small scale or experimental deployments. SDH-based deployments are useful when there is an existing SDH infrastructure already in place, its main shortcoming being the loss of flexibility in bandwidth management due to the rigid hierarchy imposed by the SDH network. MPLS based deployments are costly but highly reliable and scalable, and are typically used by large service providers.
See also:
Spanning Tree Protocol "STP"
STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops in the network. For a Layer 2 Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist between any two devices.
STP defines a tree with a root bridge and a loop-free path from the root to all network devices in the Layer 2 network. STP forces redundant data paths into a standby (blocked) state. If a network segment in the spanning tree fails and a redundant path exists, the STP algorithm recalculates the spanning tree topology and activates the standby path.
STP modeling in Cisco ANA 3.6 supports devices that use the following STP variants:
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QinQ (IEEE802.1ad)
QinQ (IEEE802.1) tagging (namely, dot1q tunneling) is a technology that allows the nesting of an additional VLAN tag on a packet, in addition to an existing one. Either VLAN tag is an 802.1Q header by standard.
QinQ allows service providers to use a single VLAN to support customers who have multiple VLANs. The core service-provider network carries traffic with double-tagged, stacked VLAN (802.1Q-in-Q) headers of multiple customers while maintaining the VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations of each customer and without impacting the traffic of other customers.
For more information about QinQ in Cisco ANA 3.6 see QinQ (IEEE802.1ad).
Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
This section includes the following tables:
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Link Aggregation Group
The following Data Link layer Link Aggregation Group object aggregates multiple Ethernet Interfaces, which it is bound to by its Containing Termination Points attribute, and is primarily accessed by the Virtual LAN Multiplexer bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute. It is also being accessed by Bridging Entity.
Table 4-1 Link Aggregation Group (ILinkAggregationGroup802dot3ad)
Group Number
Group identification of the aggregated ethernet interfaces
Bandwidth
Accumulated bandwidth of all aggregated ethernet interfaces in Mbps
Aggregation Protocol
Aggregation protocol (None, LACP, PAGP)
IANA Type
IANA type of the sub/layer
Containing Termination Points
Underlying termination points (Ethernet Interface)
Contained Connection Termination Points
Bound Connection Termination Points
Link Aggregation Group Port Entry
The following Link Aggregation Group Port Entry object describes the Link Aggregation Control configuration parameters for each Aggregation Port of a Link Aggregation Group.
Ethernet Interface
The following Data Link layer Ethernet Interface object, is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to a Physical Layer Interface (Ethernet Physical) object, and is primarily being accessed by Virtual LAN Multiplexer/Interface, Link Aggregation Group, Cisco's Ethernet Channel and/or IP Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute. It is also being accessed by Bridging Entity.
Ethernet Physical
The following Physical layer Ethernet Physical object, is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object, and is being accessed by Data Link layer Ethernet Interface bound by its Con-tained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Table 4-4 Ethernet Physical (IPhysicalLayer)
Same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)
Virtual LAN Interface
The following Data Link layer Virtual LAN Interface object, which used in a Switched LAN environ-ment, is bound by its Containing Termination Points at-tribute to an Ethernet Interface object, and is primarily being accessed by Network layer such IP Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute. It is also being accessed by Bridging Entity.
Table 4-5 Virtual LAN Interface (IVlanInterface)
Mode
Virtual LAN mode (Access, Trunk, 802.1Q Tunnel)
Native VLAN Identification
Virtual LAN identification, used for untagged received and transmitted frames
Virtual LAN Table
Array of Virtual LAN Entries
IANA Type
IANA type of the sub/layer
Containing Termination Points
Underlying termination points (connection or physical)
Contained Connection Termination Points
Bound Connection Termination Points
Virtual LAN Entry
The following Virtual LAN Entry object describes association of a Virtual LAN Interface, which operate in Trunk mode, to one of the bridged Virtual LANs configured in the device.
Virtual LAN Multiplexer
The following Virtual LAN Multiplexer object, which used in a routed LAN environment, is bounded by its Containing Termination Points attribute to an Ethernet Interface object, and is primarily being accessed by Data Link layer Virtual LAN Encapsulations, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Table 4-7 Virtual LAN Multiplexer (IVlanEncapMux)
IANA Type
IANA type of the sub/layer
Containing Termination Points
Underlying termination points (Ethernet Interface)
Contained Connection Termination Points
Bound Connection Termination Points (Virtual LAN Encapsulations)
Virtual LAN Encapsulation
The following Data Link layer Virtual LAN Encapsulation object, which used in a routed LAN environment, is bound by its Containing Termination Points at-tribute to a Virtual LAN Multiplexer object, and is primarily being accessed by Network layer such IP Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute. It is also being accessed by Bridging Entity.
Data Link Aggregation Container
The following Data Link Aggregation Container object aggregates or contains a single type of Data Link Aggregations such as Link Aggregation Group and Cisco's Ethernet Channel.
Table 4-9 Data Link Aggregation Container (IDataLinkAggregationContainer)
Data Link Aggregations
Array of a single type data link aggregations (Link Aggregation Group/Cisco's Ethernet Channel)
Type
Aggregation type (Null, Ethernet Link Aggregator)
Spanning Tree Protocol Service
The following Spanning Tree Protocol Service object, which is used in a switched LAN environment, describes the Spanning Tree Protocol service and is accessed only by the Logical Root's Services List attribute.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Service
The following Multi Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information object, which is used in a switched Virtual LAN environment, describes the Spanning Tree Protocol service and is accessed only by the Logical Root's Services List attribute.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Properties
The following Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Properties object, which is used in a switched Virtual LAN environment, describes the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol properties and is accessed only by the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Service's Protocol Properties attribute.
Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
The following Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information objects describes the Instance Information associated and accessed by the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Service's Instance Information Table attribute.
Multi Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Per Virtual LAN Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information
Spanning Tree Protocol Port Information
The following Spanning Tree Protocol Port Information objects describes the Port Information associated and accessed by the Spanning Tree Protocol Instance Information's Port Information Table attribute.
Multi Spanning Tree Protocol Port Information
Vendor Specific Inventory and Information Model Objects
Vendor specific Information Model Objects are implemented only for specific devices of the vendor.
The following section describes the object of a specific vendor:
Cisco's Ethernet Channel
Cisco's Ethernet Channel Data Link layer object aggregates multiple Ethernet Interfaces, which it is bound to by its Containing Termination Points attribute, and is primarily accessed by Virtual LAN Multiplexer/Interface and/or IP Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute. It is also accessed by Bridging Entity.
Table 4-19 Cisco's Ethernet Channel (IEthernetChannel)
Group Number
Group identification of the aggregated ethernet interfaces
Bandwidth
Accumulated bandwidth of all aggregated ethernet interfaces in Mbps
Aggregation Protocol
Aggregation protocol (None, LACP, PAGP)
IANA Type
IANA type of the sub/layer
Containing Termination Points
Underlying termination points (Ethernet Interface)
Contained Connection Termination Points
Bound Connection Termination Points
QinQ (IEEE802.1ad)
For IMO information see Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs).
Opening Cisco ANA PathTracer Over Networks
You can open and view PathTracer information between service endpoints (for example, the IP interface) over a network. In order to view a specific path you must specify an initial point like an IP interface and a destination IP address. When the user selects an endpoint the system extracts the relevant IP address from this point and uses it as the destination. For QinQ the path is run from any:
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PathTracer Starting Points
The user can also enter the required destination IP address after opening the Cisco ANA PathTracer from the right-click shortcut menu. The table below describes the starting points available in the shortcut menu in order to open the PathTracer:
Table 4-20 PathTracer Starting Points
IP Interface
Inventory window
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For information on opening the Cisco ANA PathTracer from the Inventory window as a starting point, see the Cisco Active Network Abstraction NetworkVision User Guide.
PathTracer Endpoints
If you selected the "Start Here" option the following endpoints can be selected as a path destination to open the PathTracer:
Table 4-21 PathTracer Endpoints
IP Interface
Inventory window
End Here
The Cisco ANA PathTracer Multi-Path window is displayed. From this window you can open the Cisco ANA PathTracer Single-Path window with the appropriate QinQ information displayed in the Layer 2 tab.
Using Cisco ANA PathTracer to View Path Information
This section describes the Cisco ANA PathTracer for Dot1q and QinQ. For detailed information about the Cisco ANA PathTracer, see the Cisco Active Network Abstraction NetworkVision User Guide.
Cisco ANA uses the VLAN tags of the Ethernet header and the port configuration to trace the path from one interface to another over the network. The Cisco ANA's PathTracer tool enables you to:
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Layer 2 Dot1q and QinQ information is displayed in the Cisco ANA PathTracer windows when a path is traced over Ethernet ports with Dot1q and a QinQ configuration.
Layer 2
The following Layer 2 properties that may be displayed in the Layer 2 tab relate specifically to QinQ and VLAN port configuration:
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Layer 3
There are no Layer 3 properties that relate specifically to QinQ.
Network Topology
The discovery of Ethernet Data Link layer topology is done by searching for the existence of the local MAC Address in any remote side's bridge or Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) tables related to the same type of the local Ethernet port. The basic assumption, which is not always valid, is that every Ethernet port has a unique MAC Address. This topology is also applied to the underlying physical links.
Further verification is done by matching the traffic signature of these ports using Cisco's confidential scheme, which requires a substantial traffic amount in order to function correctly.
There is no topology based on STP or QinQ technology in Cisco ANA 3.6.
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Service Alarms
The following alarms are supported for this technology:
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There are no alarms based on STP or QinQ technology in Cisco ANA 3.6, however correlation takes into account these technologies when performing flow analysis.
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