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Cisco Active Network Abstraction Technology Support and Information Model Reference Manual, 3.6
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Introduction
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Internet Protocol "IP"
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Routing Protocols "BGP/OSPF"
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Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
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Token Ring "TR" (IEEE 802.5)
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode "ATM"
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Frame Relay "FR"
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Point-to-Point Protocol "PPP" and High Level Data Link Control "HDLC"
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Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol "L2TP"
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Digital Subscriber Line "DSL" and Integrated Services Digital Network "ISDN"
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Physical Technologies
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Multiprotocol Label Switching "MPLS"
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Multi Protocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE)
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Virtual Private Networks "VPNs"
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Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3)
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Quality of Service "QoS"
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Physical Equipment
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Base Logical Components
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Common (Shared by Several)
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Feedback
Table Of Contents
Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
Digital Signalling 0 Bundle Interface
Physical Technologies
This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for physical technologies, as follows:
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Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
Technology Description
SONET/SDH
Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) together with Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) were originally standardized for connecting one fiber system to another at the optical level in order to forms a single international standard for fiber interconnects between telephone networks of different countries. Today it is a widely deployed, mature enabling technology used in providing high speed, large-scale IP networks, which combines high bandwidth capacity with efficient link utilization, making it a major building block for accommodating a fast growing IP infrastructure both in the core and on the edge.
SONET/SDH is capable of accommodating a variety of transmission rates and applications by defining a technology for carrying many signals of different capacities through a synchronous, flexible, optical hierarchy. This is accomplished by means of a byte-interleaved multiplexing scheme, which simplifies multiplexing, and offers end-to-end network management. It is a layered protocol with the following four separate layers: Photonic, Section, Line and Path, all within the Physical Layer (1) of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model.
SONET/SDH networks consist of Path Terminating Elements (PTE), which represent the Physical Layer (1) Interfaces as well as Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADM) or Digital Cross Connect Systems (DCS) and Regenerators interconnected by point-to-point SONET/SDH links called Sections and are fundamentally connection-oriented, which means that a Virtual Channel (VC) must be set up across the SONET/SDH network prior to any data transfer.
POS
Packet over SONET/SDH (PoS) is a Data Link (Layer 2) technology that uses PPP (RFC 1661) in HDLC like framing (RFC 1662) encapsulation over SONET/SDH framing. POS interface supports SONET/SDH level alarm processing, performance monitoring, synchronization, and protection switching, which enables seamless interoperation with existing SONET infrastructures and provides the capability to migrate to IP+Optical networks without the need for legacy SONET infrastructures.
DSx
Digital Signals (DSx) Hierarchy refers to the rate and format of digital telecommunication circuits, as part of the North American Digital Hierarchy. DS is related to the T designations; however DS refers to multiplexing techniques while the T designations refer to the underlying equipment and signalling.
There are various DS levels: DS0/Fractional T1 (64Kbps), which represents a single voice telephone call, DS1/T1 (1.544Mbps), which defines how to multiplex 24 DS0, DS2/T2 (6.312Mbps) and DS3/T3 (44.736Mbps), which define how to multiplex 4 and 28 DS1 respectively, onto the same circuit.
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Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)
This section includes the following tables:
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SONET/SDH Physical
The following Physical layer SONET/SDH object, is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object, and is primarily accessed by the Data Link layer such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode "ATM" and Frame Relay "FR" interfaces as well as the Packet Over SONET/SDH (POS) interface (implemented using Point To Point Protocol Encapsulation) bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Digital Signalling 0 Bundle Interface
The following Data Link layer Digital Signalling 0 Bundle Interface object, is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to either Digital Signalling 1 Physical or Digital Signalling 3 Physical Layer objects, and is primarily accessed by the Data Link layer such as the ATM Interface and the Frame Relay Interface bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Digital Signalling 1 Physical
The following Physical layer Digital Signalling 1 Physical and Digital Signalling 3 Physical objects, are bound by their Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object, and are primarily accessed by the Data Link layer such as the ATM Interface and the Frame Relay Interface as well as Digital Signalling 0 Bundle Interface bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Digital Signalling 3 Physical
Network Topology
The discovery of Synchronous Optical NETwork/Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) as well as Digital Signals (DSx) hierarchy physical layer topology is unsupported and is manually (statically) configured by the system administrator.
However, it is used in conjunction with the Data Link layer above it, such as ATM, for discovering its physical topology, while further verifying it by matching the traffic signature of these ports using Cisco's confidential scheme, which requires a substantial traffic amount in order to function correctly.
Service Alarms
The following alarms are supported for this technology:
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