Table Of Contents

TDM/DSx

Technology Description

TDM

DSx

T3/E3

Channelized T3, OC3, DS3 Interface

Circuit Emulation over MPLS

Information Model Objects (IMOs)

DS0 Bundle Interface

DS1 Physical

DS3 Physical

Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

Network Topology

Service Alarms

TDM/DSx

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This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for time-division multiplexing (TDM), Digital Signal (DSx) Hierarchy, and related physical technologies, as follows:

•Technology Description

•Information Model Objects (IMOs)

•Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

•Network Topology

•Service Alarms

Technology Description

This section provides the following TDM/DSx technology descriptions:

•TDM

•DSx

•T3/E3

•Channelized T3, OC3, DS3 Interface

•Circuit Emulation over MPLS

Please see Part 1: Cisco VNEs in this guide for information about which devices support the various technologies.

TDM

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a type of digital multiplexing in which two or more signals or bit streams are transferred apparently as subchannels in one communication channel. The transmission of these streams appears to be simultaneous, but they are actually taking turns on the channel. This is done by dividing the transmission time domain into several recurrent slots of fixed length, one for each subchannel. A sample byte or data block of subchannel 1 is transmitted during timeslot 1, subchannel 2 during timeslot 2, and so on. One TDM frame consists of one timeslot per subchannel. After the last subchannel, the cycle starts again with a new frame, starting with the second sample, byte or data block from subchannel 1, and so on.

DSx

Digital Signal (DSx) Hierarchy refers to the rate and format of digital telecommunication circuits, as part of the North American Digital Hierarchy. DSx is related to the T-carrier designations. However, DS refers to multiplexing techniques, while the T designations refer to the underlying equipment and signaling. There are various DS levels, the most common being:

•DS0/Fractional T1 (64 Kb/s), which represents a single voice telephone call.

•DS1/T1 (1.544 Mb/s), with 24 user channels.

•DS2/T2 (6.312 Mb/s), with 96 user channels.

•DS3/T3 (44.736 Mb/s), with 672 user channels.

T3/E3

T-carrier telecommunications is a generic name for several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems used in North America, Japan, and Korea. The basic unit of the T-carrier system is the Fractional T1, which corresponds to the Digital Signal Hierarchy's DS0, and is commonly used for one voice circuit.

The E-carrier system (the "E" stands for "European") is incompatible with the T-carrier system (though cross-compliant cards exist). It is in common use everywhere outside of North America, Japan, and Korea. It typically uses the E1 (2.048 Mb/s) and E (334.368 Mb/s) line rates.

Channelized T3, OC3, DS3 Interface

Channelization, coupled with native edge-aggregation services such as MPLS and QoS, allows service providers and large enterprises to save dramatically on power, floor space, local-loop charges, and equipment costs, by permitting receipt and transmission of multiplexed T3, OC3 and DS 3 circuits over high-bandwidth physical media.

Circuit Emulation over MPLS

In CEM, TDM bitstream connections (T1, E1, T3, E3) are encapsulated as pseudowires over the MPLS backbone. Both structured and structure-agnostic TDM bitstreams are supported.

Information Model Objects (IMOs)

This section describes the following IMOs:

•DS0 Bundle Interface (IDS0Bundle)

•DS1 Physical (IDS1Pdh)

•DS3 Physical (IDS3Pdh)

DS0 Bundle Interface

The data link layer DS0 Bundle Interface object is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to either DS1 Physical or DS3 Physical Layer objects. It is accessed primarily by the data link layer object, such as the ATM Interface and the Frame Relay Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 31-1 DS0 Bundle Interface (IDS0Bundle)  

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Bundled Time Slots	Bundled time slots (DS1 channels).	Product	Configuration
Bundle Location	Bundle location/index.	Product	Configuration
AdminStatus	The administrative status of the interface (Down, Testing, Up).	IPCore	Configuration
OperStatus	The operational status of the interface (Down, Testing, Up).	IPCore	Configuration
IANA Type	Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) type of the sublayer.	N/A	N/A
Containing Termination Points	Underlying termination points (connection or physical).	Product	N/A
Contained Connection Termination Points	Bound connection termination points.	Product	N/A

DS1 Physical

The physical layer DS1 Physical and DS3 Physical objects are bound by their Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object. Each of these objects is accessed primarily by the data link layer object (such as an ATM Interface, Frame Relay Interface, or DS0 Bundle Interface) bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 31-2 DS1 Physical (IDS1Pdh)  

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Framing Type	Framing type (Null, OTHER, ESF, ANSI ESFf, D4, E1, E1 CRC, E1 MF, E1 CRC MF, UNFRAMED, E1 UNFRAMED, DS2 M12, E2, E1 Q50, E1 Q50 CRC, ANSI SF, E1 CAS CRC4, E1 CAS No CRC4, E1 No CAS CRC4, E1 No CAS No CRC4, E1 Unstructured, T1 Unstructured, CLEAR CHANNEL).	Product	Configuration
Cell Mapping Type	Cell mapping type (Null, PLCP, HEC, HCS, Direct, ADM).	Product	Configuration
Loop Back Type	Loopback type (Null, Cell, Payload, Diag, Line, None, Other, Path, Metalic, Non Metalic, Serial, Parallel, Local, Internal, Network, Inward, Dual, Remote, Inbound Local, No Loop).	Product	Configuration
Scrambling Mode	Scrambling mode (Null, On, Off).	Product	Configuration
Port Description	Port description.	Product	Configuration
International Bit	Indicates whether the E3 international bit is set.	Product	Configuration
Line Code	Line-code type for T1 or E1 lines (ami, b8zs, hdb3).	Product	Configuration
Cable Length	Set cable length.	Product	Configuration
Recovered Clocking ID	Recovered clocking ID.	Product	Configuration
Clocking	Clocking type (stratum1, and so on).	Product	Configuration
Loopback	Transponder loopback setting (none, internal, line).	Product	Configuration
All additional attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

DS3 Physical

Table 31-3 DS3 Physical (IDS3Pdh)  

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Framing Type	Framing type (Null, Other, M23, SYNTRAN, CBIT, Clear Channel, E3 Other, E3 Framed, Unframed, E3 Unframed, ITU-T G.804, ITU-T G.832, M13).	Product	Configuration
Cell Mapping Type	Cell mapping type (Null, PLCP, HEC, HCS, Direct, ADM).	Product	Configuration
Loop Back Type	Loopback type (Null, Cell, Payload, Diag, Line, None, Other, Path, Metalic, Non Metalic, Serial, Parallel, Local, Internal, Network, Inward, Dual, Remote, Inbound Local, No Loop).	Product	Configuration
Scrambling Mode	Scrambling mode (Null, On, Off).	Product	Configuration
Port Description	Port description.	Product	Configuration
International Bit	Indicates whether the E3 international bit is set.	Product	Configuration
Line Code	Line-code type for T1 or E1 lines (ami, b8zs, hdb3).	Product	Configuration
Cable Length	Set cable length.	Product	Configuration
Recovered Clocking ID	Recovered clocking ID.	Product	Configuration
Clocking	Clocking type (stratum1, and so on).	Product	Configuration
Loopback	Transponder loopback setting (none, internal, line).	Product	Configuration
All additional attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

There are no vendor-specific inventory or IMOs for this technology.

Network Topology

Cisco ANA does not support discovery of physical layer topology. This topology is manually (statically) configured by the system administrator. However, it is used in conjunction with the data link layer above it, such as ATM, for discovering its physical topology, while further verifying it by matching the traffic signature of these ports using Cisco's confidential scheme, which requires a substantial amount of traffic in order to function correctly.

Service Alarms

The following alarms are supported for this technology:

•Discard Packets, page 41-27

•Dropped Packets, page 41-28

•Link Down, page 41-42

•Port Down, page 41-51

•Rx Utilization, page 41-53

•Tx Utilization, page 41-57

•DS0 Bundle Service Alarm, page 41-29