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Table Of Contents
System Image and Microcode Commands
Flash Memory File System Types
System Image and Microcode Commands
This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the commands used to load and copy system images and microcode images. System images contain the system software. Microcode images contain microcode to be downloaded to various hardware devices.
For configuration information and examples, refer to the "Loading and Maintaining System Images" chapter in the Release 12.2 Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide.
Flash Memory File System Types
Cisco platforms generally use one of three different Flash memory file system types. Some commands in this chapter are supported on only one or two file system types.
Use Table 34 to determine which Flash memory file system type your platform uses.
Replaced Commands
Some commands found in this chapter in previous releases of this book have been replaced. Older commands generally continue to provide the same functionality in the current release, but are no longer documented. Support for the older version of these commands may already be removed on your system, or may be removed in a future Cisco IOS software release.
Table 35 maps the old commands to their replacements.
Table 35 Replaced Commands
copy erase flash
erase flash: (Class B Flash file systems only)
format (Class A and C Flash file systems only)
copy verify
copy verify bootflash
verify bootflash:
copy verify flash
verify flash:
copy xmodem
xmodem
copy ymodem
xmodem -y
show flh-log
more flh: logfile
verify bootflash
verify bootflash:
verify flash
verify flash:
For a description of the copy and verify commands, see the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter.
copy erase flash
The copy erase flash command has been replaced by the erase flash:command. See the description of the erase command in the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter for more information.
copy verify
The copy verify command has been replaced by the verify command. See the description of the verify command in the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter for more information.
copy verify bootflash
The copy verify bootflash command has been replaced by the verify bootflash: command. See the description of the verify command in the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter for more information.
copy verify flash
The copy verify flash command has been replaced the verify flash: command. See the description of the verify command in the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter for more information.
copy xmodem:
To copy a Cisco IOS image from a local or remote computer (such as a PC, Macintosh, or UNIX workstation) to Flash memory on a Cisco 3600 series router using the Xmodem protocol, use the copy xmodem: EXEC command.
copy xmodem: flash-filesystem:
Syntax Description
Command Modes
EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
This command is a form of the copy command. The copy xmodem: and copy xmodem commands are identical. See the description of the copy command for more information.
Copying a file using FTP, rcp, or TFTP is much faster than copying a file using Xmodem. Use the copy xmodem: command only if you do not have access to an FTP, TFTP, or rcp server.
This copy operation is performed through the console or AUX port. The AUX port, which supports hardware flow control, is recommended.
No output is displayed on the port over which the transfer is occurring. You can use the logging buffered command to log all router messages sent to the console port during the file transfer.
Examples
The following example initiates a file transfer from a local or remote computer to the router's internal Flash memory using the Xmodem protocol:
copy xmodem: flash:Related Commands
copy ymodem:
To copy a Cisco IOS image from a local or remote computer (such as a PC, Macintosh, or UNIX workstation) to Flash memory on a Cisco 3600 series router using the Ymodem protocol, use the copy ymodem: EXEC command.
copy ymodem: flash-filesystem:
Syntax Description
Command Modes
EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
The copy ymodem: and copy ymodem commands are identical. See the description of the copy command for more information.
Copying a file using FTP, rcp, or TFTP is much faster than copying a file using Ymodem. Use the copy ymodem: command only if you do not have access to an FTP, rcp, or TFTP server.
This copy operation is performed through the console or AUX port. The AUX port, which supports hardware flow control, is recommended.
No output is displayed on the port over which the transfer is occurring. You can use the logging buffered command to log all router messages sent to the console port during the file transfer.
Examples
The following example initiates a file transfer from a local or remote computer to the router's internal Flash memory using the Ymodem protocol:
copy ymodem: flash:Related Commands
Copies a Cisco IOS image from a local or remote computer (such as a PC, Macintosh, or UNIX workstation) to Flash memory on a Cisco 3600 series router using the Xmodem protocol.
erase flash:
The erase flash: and erase flash commands are identical. See the description of the erase command in the "Cisco IOS File System Commands" chapter for more information.
microcode (7000/7500)
To specify the location of the microcode that you want to download from Flash memory into the writable control store (WCS) on Cisco 7000 series (including RSP based routers) or Cisco 7500 series routers, use the microcode global configuration command. To load the microcode bundled with the system image, use the no form of this command.
microcode interface-type {flash-filesystem:filename [slot] | rom | system [slot]]}
no microcode interface-type {flash-filesystem:filename [slot] | rom | system [slot]}
Syntax Description
Defaults
The default is to load from the microcode bundled in the system image.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
If you do not use the microcode reload command after using the microcode command, the microcode reload command will be written to the configuration file automatically.
When using Dual RSPs for simple hardware backup, ensure that the master and slave RSP card contain the same microcode image in the same location when the router is to load the interface processor microcode from a Flash file system. Thus, if the slave RSP becomes the master, it will be able to find the microcode image and download it to the interface processor.
Examples
In the following example, all FIP cards will be loaded with the microcode found in Flash memory file fip.v141-7 when the system is booted, when a card is inserted or removed, or when the microcode reload global configuration command is issued. The configuration is then written to the startup configuration file.
Router(config)# microcode fip slot0:fip.v141-7Router(config)# endRouter# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-configRelated Commands
Displays the system console output generated during the Flash load helper operation.
microcode (7200)
To configure a default override for the microcode that is downloaded to the hardware on a Cisco 7200 series router, use the microcode global configuration command. To revert to the default microcode for the current running version of the Cisco IOS software, use the no form of this command.
microcode {ecpa | pcpa} location
no microcode {ecpa | pcpa}
Syntax Description
ecpa
ESCON Channel Port Adapter (CPA) interface.
pcpa
Parallel CPA interface.
location
Location of microcode, including the device and filename.
Defaults
If the default or no form of the command is specified, the driver uses the default microcode for the current running version of the Cisco IOS software.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
If there are any default overrides when the configuration is written, then the microcode reload command will be written to the configuration automatically. This action enables the configured microcode to be downloaded at system startup.
The CPA microcode image is preloaded on Flash memory cards for Cisco 7200-series routers for Cisco IOS Release 11.3(3)T and later releases. You may be required to copy a new image to Flash memory when a new microcode image becomes available.
For more information on the CPA configuration and maintenance, refer to the "Configuring Cisco Mainframe Channel Connection Adapters" chapter in the Release 12.2 Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide.
Examples
The following example instructs the Cisco IOS software to load the microcode from an individual microcode image that is stored as a file on the Flash card inserted in Flash card slot 0:
microcode ecpa slot0:xcpa26-1Related Commands
Resets and reloads the specified hardware in a Cisco 7200 series router.
Displays microcode information.
microcode (12000)
To load a Cisco IOS software image on a line card from Flash memory or the GRP card on a Cisco 12000 series Gigabit Switch Router (GSR), use the microcode global configuration command. To load the microcode bundled with the GRP system image, use the no form of this command.
microcode {oc12-atm | oc12-pos | oc3-pos4} {flash file-id [slot] | system [slot]}
no microcode {oc12-atm | oc12-pos | oc3-pos4} [flash file-id [slot] | system [slot]]
Syntax Description
Defaults
The default is to load the image from the GRP card (system).
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
In addition to the Cisco IOS image that resides on the GRP card, each line card on a Cisco 12000 series has a Cisco IOS image. When the router is reloaded, the specified image is loaded onto the GRP card and then automatically downloaded to all the line cards.
Normally, you want the same Cisco IOS image on the GRP card and all line cards. However, if you want to upgrade a line card with a new version of microcode for testing or to fix a defect, you might need to load a Cisco IOS image that is different from the one on the line card. Additionally, you might need to load a new image on the line card to work around a problem that is affecting only one of the line cards.
To load a Cisco IOS image on a line card, first use the copy tftp command to download the Cisco IOS image to a slot on one of the PCMCIA Flash memory cards. Then use the microcode command to download the image to the line card, followed by the microcode reload command to start the image. Immediately after you enter the microcode reload command and press Return, the system reloads all microcode. Global configuration mode remains enabled. After the reloading is complete, enter the exit command to return to the EXEC system prompt.
To verify that the correct image is running on the line card, use the execute-on slot slot show version command.
For additional information on GSR configuration, refer to the documentation specific to your Cisco IOS software release.
Examples
In the following example, the Cisco IOS software image in slot 0 is downloaded to the line card in slot 10. This software image is used when the system is booted, a line card is inserted or removed, or the microcode reload global configuration command is issued.
microcode oc3-POS-4 flash slot0:fip.v141-7 10microcode reload 10In this example, the user would issue the execute-on slot 10 show version command to verify that the correct version is loaded.Related Commands
microcode reload (7000/7500)
To reload the processor card on the Cisco 7000 series with RSP7000 or Cisco 7500 series routers, use the microcode reload global configuration command.
microcode reload
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Defaults
No default behaviors or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
This command reloads the microcode without rebooting the router. Immediately after you enter the microcode reload command and press Return, the system reloads all microcode. Global configuration mode remains enabled.
Note
If you modify the system configuration to load a microcode image, the microcode reload command will be written to the configuration file automatically following the use of a microcode command. This action enables the configured microcode to be downloaded at system startup.
Examples
In the following example, all controllers are reset, and the microcode specified in the current configuration is loaded:
microcode reloadRelated Commands
Specifes the location from where microcode should be loaded when the microcode reload command is executed on RSP-based routers.
microcode reload (7200)
To reload the Cisco IOS microcode image on an ESCON CPA card in the Cisco 7200 series router, use the microcode reload command in privileged EXEC configuration mode.
microcode reload {all | ecpa [slot slot#] | pcpa [slot slot#]}
Syntax Description
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
Hardware types that do not support downloadable microcode are unaffected by the microcode reload all command.
You will be prompted for confirmation before the microcode reload command is executed.
Examples
The following example reloads the ESCON CPA microcode in slot 5 with the currently configured microcode:
microcode reload ecpa slot 5Related Commands
microcode reload (12000)
To reload the Cisco IOS image from a line card on Cisco 12000 series routers, use the microcode reload global configuration command.
microcode reload [slot-number]
Syntax Description
Command Modes
Global configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
In addition to the Cisco IOS image that resides on the GRP card, each line card on Cisco 12000 series routers has a Cisco IOS image. When the router is reloaded, the specified Cisco IOS image is loaded onto the GRP card and automatically downloaded to all the line cards.
Normally, you want the same Cisco IOS image on the GRP card and all line cards. However, if you want to upgrade a line card with a new version of microcode for testing or to fix a defect, you might need to load a different Cisco IOS image. Additionally, you might need to load a new image on the line card to work around a problem affecting only one of the line cards.
To load a Cisco IOS image on a line card, first use the copy tftp command to download the Cisco IOS image to a slot on one of the PCMCIA Flash memory cards. Then use the microcode command to download the image to the line card, followed by the microcode reload command to start the image. To verify that the correct image is running on the line card, use the execute-on slot slot show version command.
For additional information on GSR configuration, refer to the "Observing System Startup and Performing a Basic Configuration" chapter in the Cisco 12000 series installation and configuration guides.
The microcode reload (12000) command allows you to issue another command immediately.
Note
Examples
In the following example, the Cisco IOS software is reloaded on the line card in slot 10:
microcode reload 10Related Commands
Loads a Cisco IOS software image on a line card from Flash memory or the GRP card on a Cisco 12000 series GSR.
more flh:logfile
To view the system console output generated during the Flash load helper operation, use the more flh:logfile privileged EXEC command.
more flh:logfile
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
If you are a remote Telnet user performing the Flash upgrade without a console connection, this command allows you to retrieve console output when your Telnet connection has terminated due to the switch to the ROM image. The output indicates what happened during the download, and is particularly useful if the download fails.
This command is a form of the more command. See the more command for more information.
Examples
The following is sample output from the more flh:logfile command:
Router# more flh:logfile%FLH: abc/igs-kf.914 from 172.16.1.111 to flash...System flash directory:File Length Name/status1 2251320 abc/igs-kf.914[2251384 bytes used, 1942920 available, 4194304 total]Accessing file 'abc/igs-kf.914' on 172.16.1.111...Loading from 172.16.13.111:Erasing device...... erasedLoading from 172.16.13.111:- [OK -2251320/4194304 bytes]Verifying checksum... OK (0x97FA)Flash copy took 79292 msecs%FLH: Re-booting system after downloadLoading abc/igs-kf.914 at 0x3000040, size = 2251320 bytes [OK]F3: 2183364+67924+259584 at 0x3000060Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government issubject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - RestrictedRights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and ComputerSoftware clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.cisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, California 95134Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareCisco IOS (tm) GS Software (GS7), Version 11.0Copyright (c) 1986-1995 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 06-Dec-94 14:01 by smithImage text-base: 0x00001000, data-base: 0x005A9C94cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision 0x00) with 4092K/2048K bytes ofmemory.Processor board serial number 00000000DDN X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2 and BFE compliant.ISDN software, Version 1.0.Bridging software.Enterprise software set supported. (0x0)1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface.2 Serial network interfaces.--More--1 ISDN Basic Rate interface.32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)Related Commands
show flh-log
The show flh-log command has been replaced by the more flh:logfile command. See the description of the more flh:logfile command in this chapter for more information.
show microcode
To display microcode image information available on line cards, use the show microcode EXEC command.
show microcode
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Command Modes
EXEC
Command History
Examples
The following is sample output from the show microcode command:
Router# show microcodeMicrocode bundled in systemCard Microcode Target Hardware DescriptionType Version Version---- --------- --------------- -----------SP 2.3 11.x SP version 2.3EIP 1.1 1.x EIP version 1.1TRIP 1.2 1.x TRIP version 1.2FIP 1.4 2.x FIP version 1.4HIP 1.1 1.x HIP version 1.1SIP 1.1 1.x SIP version 1.1FSIP 1.1 1.x FSIP version 1.1In the following example for the Cisco 7200 series router, the output from the show microcode command lists the hardware types that support microcode download. For each type, the default microcode image name is displayed. If there is a configured default override, that name also is displayed.
router# show microcodeMicrocode images for downloadable hardwareHW Type Microcode image names------------------------------------------ecpa default slot0:xcpa26-0configured slot0:xcpa26-2pcpa default slot0:xcpa26-4Related Commands
xmodem
To copy a Cisco IOS image to a router using the ROM monitor and the Xmodem or Ymodem protocol, use the xmodem ROM monitor command.
xmodem [-c] [-y] [-e] [-f] [-r] [-x] [-s data-rate] [filename]
Syntax Description
Defaults
Xmodem protocol with 8-bit CRC, file downloaded into Flash memory and executed on completion.
Command Modes
ROM monitor
Command History
Usage Guidelines
The Cisco 3600 series routers does not support XBOOT functionality. If your Cisco IOS image is erased or damaged, you cannot load a new image over the network.
Use the xmodem ROM monitor command to download a new system image to your router from a local personal computer (such as a PC, Mac, or UNIX workstation), or a remote computer over a modem connection, to the router's console port. The computer must have a terminal emulation application that supports these protocols.
Cisco 3600 Series Routers
Your router must have enough DRAM to hold the file being transferred, even if you are copying to Flash memory. The image is copied to the first file in internal Flash memory. Any existing files in Flash memory are erased. There is no support for partitions or copying as a second file.
Cisco 1600 Series Routers
If you include the -r option, your router must have enough DRAM to hold the file being transferred. To run from Flash, an image must be positioned as the first file in Flash memory. If you are copying a new image to boot from Flash, erase all existing files first.
Caution
Note
Examples
The following example uses the xmodem -c filename ROM monitor command to copy the file named new-ios-image from a remote or local computer:
rommon > xmodem -c new-ios-imageDo not start the sending program yet...File size Checksum File name1738244 bytes (0x1a8604) 0xdd25 george-admin/c3600-i-mzWARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: yesReady to receive file new-ios-image ...Related Commands
