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Cisco Active Network Abstraction Reference Guide, 3.7.2
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Preface
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Part 1 - Cisco VNEs
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Introduction
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Overview—Supported Network Elements in Cisco ANA Version 3.7.2
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Support Information for Cisco Security Appliances
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Support Information for Cisco Access Servers
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Support Information for Cisco Gateways
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Support Information for Cisco Routers
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Support Information for Cisco Switches
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Support Information for Generic Devices
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Part 2 - Technology Support and Information Model Objects
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Technology Support Introduction
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Internet Protocol
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Routing Protocols
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VPN and VRF
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Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
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Session Border Controller
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Multiprotocol Label Switching
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Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering
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Pseudowire
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Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
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Ethernet OAM
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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Frame Relay
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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Point-to-Point Protocol
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High-Level Data Link Control
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Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol
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Discovery Protocols
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Local Switching
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Digital Subscriber Line
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SONET/SDH
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Internet Protocol Over Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
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TDM/DSx
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Clocking
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Serial
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Access Control Lists
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Physical Components
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Logical Components
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Common Components
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Cisco ANA VNE Topology
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- Part 3 - Alarms and Events
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Part 4 - Commands
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Using Connectivity Fault Management Commands
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Using Resilient Ethernet Protocol Commands
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Using Cisco Carrier Grade NAT Commands
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Using Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification Commands
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Using Link Operations, Administration and Maintenance Operations Commands
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Using Ethernet Local Management Interface Commands
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Index
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Feedback
Table Of Contents
Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB)
Information Model Objects (IMOs)
IP Range-Based Address Pool Entry
IP Subnet-Based Address Pool Entry
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Group Entry
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel Interface
Internet Protocol
This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for IP, as follows:
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Information Model Objects (IMOs)
For information on network topology, see Chapter 38, "Cisco ANA VNE Topology."
Technology Description
This section provides the following IP technology descriptions:
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Please see Part 1: Cisco VNEs in this guide for information about which devices support the various technologies.
IP
IP is a network layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed. IP is documented in RFC 791 and is the primary network layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite. Along with TCP, IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols. IP has two primary responsibilities: providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of datagrams through an internetwork; and providing fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximum transmission unit (MTU) sizes.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an IP address to a physical machine address (a MAC address) that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP version 4 (IPv4), the most common level of IP in use today, an address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet LAN, however, addresses for attached devices are 48 bits long. A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.
HSRP
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a routing protocol that provides automatic router backup by allowing host computers on the Internet to use multiple routers that act as a single virtual router, maintaining connectivity even if the first hop router fails, because other routers are on hot standby and ready to go. The protocol is fully compatible with Novell's Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), AppleTalk, and Banyan VINES, and (in some configurations) with Xerox Network Systems (XNS) and DECnet.
Developed by Cisco and specified in RFC 2281, HSRP ensures that only a single router (called the active router) is forwarding packets on behalf of the virtual router at any given time. A standby router is chosen to be ready to become the active router, in the event that the current active router fails. HSRP defines a mechanism used to determine active and standby routers by referring to their IP addresses. Once these are determined, the failure of an active router will not cause any significant interruption of connectivity.
On any given LAN, there may be multiple, possibly overlapping, hot standby groups, each with a single MAC address and IP address. The IP address should belong to the primary subnet, but must be different from any actual or virtual addresses allocated to any routers or hosts on the network.
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is a tunneling protocol, originated by Cisco Systems and standardized in RFC 2784. It was designed to encapsulate a wide variety of network layer packets inside IP tunneling packets. The original packet is the payload for the final packet. The protocol is used on the Internet to secure VPNs.
Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN)
Carrier-Grade NAT is large-scale NAT, capable of providing private-IPv4-to-public-IPv4 translation in the order of millions of translations. Carrier-Grade NAT can support several hundred thousand subscribers with the bandwidth throughput of at least 10Gb/s full-duplex. With IPv4 addresses reaching depletion, Carrier-Grade NAT is vital in providing private IPv4 connectivity to the public IPv4 internet.
IPv6
IP version 6 (also known as IPv6, specified in RFC 2373, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture") is the successor to IPv4. The changes from IPv4 to IPv6 fall primarily into these categories:
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Currently, Cisco ANA support for IPv6 has the following limitations:
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Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB)
Provider backbone bridges (PBBs), specified by IEEE 802.1ah-2008, provide a way to increase the number of service provider supported Layer 2 service instances beyond the number supported by QinQ and VPLS. PBB adds a backbone VLAN tag and backbone destination and source MAC addresses to encapsulate customer Ethernet frames and create a MAC tunnel across core switches.
Cisco ANA models the IB type of Backbone edge bridges which includes both I-type and B-type components.
IP SLA Responder Service
Cisco IOS Service Level Agreements (SLAs) software allows you to analyze IP service levels for IP applications and services by using active traffic monitoring to measure network performance. The IP SLA responder is a component embedded in the destination Cisco device that allows the system to anticipate and respond to IP SLAs request packets. The responder provides accurate measurements without requiring dedicated probes. The responder uses the Cisco IOS IP SLAs Control Protocol to provide a mechanism through which it can be notified on which port it should listen and respond.
Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) defines a standard for measuring round-trip network performance between any two devices that support the protocol.
Information Model Objects (IMOs)
This section describes the following IMOs:
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IP Interface
The network layer IP Interface IMO represents the IP-level functionality of an interface configuration in a network element. Its Containing Termination Points attribute is its primary binding to a data link layer interface object. It is accessed primarily by a Routing Entity.
Table 10-1 IP Interface (IIPInterface)
IP Address
IP addresses (including IPv6)
Product
Configuration
Subnetwork Mask
IP subnetwork masks (including IPv6)
Product
Configuration
IP Interface Addresses Array
Array of all IP Interface Addresses (including IPv6)
Product
Configuration
Interface Name
Interface name
Product
Configuration
Interface Description
Interface description
Product
Configuration
IP Interface State
IP interface state (Unknown, Up, Down)
Product
Configuration
Broadcast Address
The broadcast address of the subnetwork
Any
Configuration
MTU
Maximum transmit units
Any
Configuration
Lookup Method
Lookup method (Route Table First, Host Table First)
Any
Configuration
Address Resolution Type
Address resolution type
Any
Configuration
ARP Timeout
ARP table entry aging timeout
Any
Configuration
Secured ARP
Secured ARP settings (Enable, Disable)
Any
Configuration
ICMP Mask Reply
Control message mask reply
Any
Configuration
IGMP Proxy
Group management proxy
Any
Configuration
HSRP Groups
Arrays of Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Group Entry (valid only for Cisco routers that implement HSRP)
Any
Configuration
IP Multiplexing Table
Any
Configuration
IANA Type
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) type of the sublayer
N/A
N/A
Containing Termination Points
Underlying termination points (connection or physical)
Any
N/A
Contained Connection Termination Points
Bound connection termination points
Any
N/A
IP Multiplexer Entry
The IP Multiplexer Entry IMO represents an entry in the IP Multiplexing Table of an IP Interface object. It is used when an IP Interface is bound to multiple virtual connection-based data link layer interfaces (such as ATM Interface and Frame Relay Interface) in order to map a destination IP subnet to a specific virtual connection.
IP Interface Address
The IP Interface Address IMO represents one of several possible IP addresses and their subnetwork masks that can be assigned to an IP Interface using an IP Subnetwork IMO. It indicates whether it is the primary or a secondary address.
IP Subnetwork
The IP Subnetwork type (it is not an IMO) describes either an IP Subnetwork Address (with the host part zeroed) or, alternatively, a host IP address along with the IP subnetwork mask.
Address Family
The Address Family IMO represents the VRF route targets associated with IPv4 and IPv6 address family configurations.
Routing Entity
The Routing Entity IMO represents the routing and address resolution protocol-independent forwarding component of an IP router. It is bound by its Logical Sons attribute to all the network-layer IP Interface IMOs among which this Routing Entity is routing IP packets.
Table 10-6 Routing Entity (IRoutingEntity)
Routing Table
Array of routing table entries.
Note
Any
Configuration
ARP Entity
Address resolution entity (ARP Entity). The ARP Entity holds the ARP table associated with the specific routing domain modeled by the Routing Entity.
Any
Configuration
Routing Table Changes
Routing table changes count
Any
Configuration
Name
Routing entity name. This attribute is used when one device has multiple routing domains.
Any
Configuration
Logical Sons
Array of all IP Interfaces between which IP packets are being routed by this Routing Entity.
Any
N/A
Routing Entry
The Routing Entry IMO describes a routing table's entries. Each routing table entry is an array of entries sharing a single IP Subnetwork destination.
Each routing table entry represents an active route to a particular destination. The routing table can contain multiple active routes to the same destination, also known as Equal Cost Multi Path (ECMP ).
Route Entry is represented in the IP-MIB as an entry in the ipRouteTable (ipRouteEntry: 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21.1) which does not support ECMP, or in the IP-FORWARDING-MIB as an entry in the inetCidrRouteTable (inetCidrRouteEntry: 1.3.6.1.2.1.4.24.7.1) which supports ECMP.
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ARP Entity
The ARP Entity IMO describes a domain-wide IP address to MAC Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entity.
Table 10-8 ARP Entity (IARPEntity)
ARP Table
Array of ARP Entries
Product
Configuration
ARP Entry
The ARP Entry IMO describes a domain-wide IP address to MAC Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table entry.
IP Address Pool
The IP Address Pool IMO, with its associated IP Range-Based Address Pool Entry and IP Subnet-Based Address Pool Entry IMOs, describes an IP address pool of a gateway or router device. Protocols such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and IP Control Protocol (IPCP) use these pools to distribute IP assignments to local and remote parties.
Table 10-10 IP Address Pool (IIPPool)
IP Address Pool Entries
Array of IP Range Based Address Pool Entries or IP Subnet Based Address Pool Entries
Any
Configuration
Name
IP addresses pool name
Any
Configuration
Index
IP addresses pool index
Any
Configuration
IP Range-Based Address Pool Entry
See the description for IP Address Pool.
IP Subnet-Based Address Pool Entry
See the description for IP Address Pool.
Table 10-12 IP Subnet-Based Address Pool Entry (IIPSubnetBasedIPPoolEntry)
IP Subnet
IP Subnetwork of the IP address pool
Any
Configuration
Unused Addresses
Unused addresses count
Any
Configuration
Used Addresses
Used addresses count
Any
Configuration
Reserved Addresses
Reserved addresses count
Any
Configuration
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Group Entry
The Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Group Entry IMO represents both the configuration and the result of running HSRP within a group of routers connected to the same segment of an Ethernet network. HSRP provides backup for router failures by presenting the group of routers to the LAN as a single virtual router with a single set of IP and MAC addresses.
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel Interface
The network-layer Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel Interface IMO represents a GRE tunnel interface configuration in a network element. It is accessed primarily by an IP Interface bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.
Bridge ILan
This IMO encapsulates the bridge mapping associations between the backbone edge bridges and the BridgeILan tunnel.
IIBBridgeEntry
This IMO encapsulates the MAC-in-MAC tunnel properties, including I-SID and XID of the I-Bridge Component and the XID of the B-Bridge component.
IP SLA Responder Service
The IP SLA Responder Service IMO represents the IMO interface for the IP SLA Responder that allows the system to anticipate and respond to IP SLAs request packets. Cisco IP SLA allows monitoring of network performance between Cisco routers or from a Cisco router to a remote IP device. This object supports UDP_ECHO and TCP_CONNECT operation types. The UDP_ECHO operation measures end-to-end response time or connectivity between a Cisco router and IP devices. The TCP_CONNECT operation tests the connection to specific destination ports on a remote server.
Table 10-17 IP SLA Responder Service (IIPSLAResponderService)
Responder Status
Status of the IP SLA Responder (Up, Down).
Product
Configuration
TWAMP Responder Status
Status of the IP SLA TWAMP responder (Up, Down).
Product
Configuration
TCP Connect
Destination IP address and port number used for the TCP connect operation, as in IP SLA Address Port Pair.
Product
Configuration
UDP Echo
Destination IP address and port number used for the UDP echo operation.
Product
Configuration
IP SLA Address Port Pair
The IP SLA Address Port Pair IMO represents the pair consisting of IP address and port for the TCP Connect and UDP Echo data in IP SLA Responder Service. The IP Address can be IPv4 or IPv6.
CGN Service
The CGN Service object models the Carrier Grade NAT service, including its name, statistics, address pools, associated service infra interface and service app interface and locations.
Table 10-19 CGN Service (IcgnService)
CGN Name
The service name configured for the CGN service.
IpCore
configuration
Statistics
A set of statistics relating to the CGN service. See CGN Statistics Entry.
IpCore
configuration
Address Pools
The private to public address pool mapping that is managed by the CGN service.
IpCore
configuration
Locations
The preferred locations where the CGN service is configured.
IpCore
configuration
Service Interfaces
The service interfaces associated with the CGN service (service infra and service app). The service infra interface represents the control connection to the card running the CGN service. The service app interfaces are used for delivering packets to and from the card running the CGN service.
IpCore
configuration
CGN Statistics Entry
The CGN Statistics Entry object models all the statistics for a given Carrier Grade NAT service as a name value pair.
The supported statistics are:
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CGN Service Address Pool
The CGN Service Address Pool object models the address pool configured for a given Carrier Grade NAT service, including its address family, address pool, inside VRFs and outside VRFs.
CGN Service Location
The CGN Service Location object models the service location configured for a given Carrier Grade NAT service.
CGN IP Interface
The CGN IP Interface object extends the IP Interface object as a differentiator for a CGN IP interface. See IP Interface for a description of the attributes associated with this object.
Network Topology
Discovery of the IP network layer is unsupported. However, IP addresses and subnets are used in signature and test of the underlying topology discovery (for example, MPLS, PPP, HDLC, BFD,
GRE Tunnel Information ) when searching for the local IP address in any one-hop-away remote side's routing table. In particular, the local and remote IP addresses of IP Interface found under the same subnet are compared.
For more information, see Chapter 15, "Multiprotocol Label Switching," Chapter 23, "Point-to-Point Protocol," and Chapter 24, "High-Level Data Link Control."
Service Alarms
The following alarms are supported for this technology:
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