Downloads |
Table Of Contents
Overview of Network Management Products
Workstation-based Network Management Products
Mainframe-based Network Management Products
TN3270 Management Feature Matrix
Enabling Management of Cisco Routers
Viewing TN3270 Server Configuration and Statistics
Monitoring TN3270 Server Availability
Determining the Nature of the Problem
Determining Which IP Addresses, PUs, and LUs Correspond to the TN3270 Servers
Diagnosing Configuration Problems
Diagnosing Connectivity Problems
Monitoring TN3270 Response Time
Monitoring TN3270 Server Performance
Network Management
This chapter discusses how to configure and use Cisco software products in your network management system to manage a TN3270 environment. It contains the following sections:
•
Enabling Management of Cisco Routers
•
•
•
•
Managing a TN3270 environment is composed of several tasks, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accomplishing these tasks involves using a network management system based on either a workstation or mainframe, depending on the expertise of your network administrators and operators. The network management system is composed of one or more software products configured to manage routers running TN3270 Server as well as other important network devices.
Each section in this chapter is divided into two areas: managing from the workstation, and managing from the mainframe. In some cases, a section about managing from the router is included.
Overview of Network Management Products
This section provides an overview of Cisco's network management products that can be used to manage a TN3270 environment.Workstation-based Network Management Products
Cisco provides three workstation products to help manage a TN3270 environment:
•
•
•
These products can coexist on the same UNIX workstation or be installed on different workstations. These products are often integrated into the network management system with a network management platform such as Tivoli TME/10 NetView for AIX (NetView for AIX) or Hewlett-Packard OpenView Network Node Manager (HP OpenView).
Note:
CiscoWorks Blue TN3270 Monitor
Cisco's primary solution for managing TN3270 Server from a workstation is a UNIX-based product called TN3270 Monitor. This application allows you to monitor the PU and LU sessions and provides access to the logging information created by TN3270 Server for the CIP and CPA. The log function provides extensive search capabilities for session monitoring and diagnosis.This product is free and is available as a standalone product on CCO. It is also available as a CiscoView applet that integrates with the CiscoView packages for the Cisco 7200 and 7500 series routers.
Internetwork Performance Monitor
IPM provides extensive response time information about both the IP-only and combined SNA/IP routed environment. IPM measures response times between a source router and a target device. The target can be an IP-addressable device (a router or workstation) or an IBM Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) mainframe (SNA response time only, running an IPM VTAM application called NSPECHO). There are two types of measurements that you can take: Echo and PathEcho.•
•
The IPM application is used to configure the response time reporter (RTR) agent in each source router and then extract and display the response-time information. The RTR agent in the router takes the actual response-time samples between itself and the target device. The IPM application normally extracts the response-time data every hour from each source router. There is also a real-time feature that allows you to immediately display the response-time data.
Cisco Resource Manager
CRM is a Web-based management solution for enterprise networks, offered on both Solaris and NT. It can run alongside CiscoWorks and CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks, providing enhanced inventory and software distribution utilities for both routers and switches.CRM consists of four key management applications: Inventory Manager, Availability Manager, Syslog Analyzer, and Software Image Manager. Together, these applications automate the task of finding software updates, speed device software deployment, provide multidevice views of network change, report on year 2000 compliance, track device availability, and report, categorize, and analyze SYSLOG messages, providing you probable cause and suggested actions.
The Syslog Analyzer provides analysis of important SYSLOG messages generated by routers, including those relevant to the TN3270 Server. It filters SYSLOG messages logged by Cisco IOS-based routers and then it provides probable cause explanations and recommended actions. The network-level reports generated by Syslog Analyzer are based on user-defined filters that highlight specific errors, severity conditions, or specific devices and help identify when specific events occur (such as a link down or a device reboot).
Syslog Analyzer allows SYSLOG messages to be linked to customized information such as an organizations Web-based "run book" procedures or launches Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts to take corrective actions.
Mainframe-based Network Management Products
Many companies continue to support the LUs that are driven through the TN3270 Server from the data center. To address this need, Cisco provides a mainframe product, called CiscoWorks Blue Internetwork Status Monitor (ISM), to help manage a TN3270 environment.
In addition, Cisco endorses Sterling's SOLVE:Netmaster for TCP/IP as another way to manage the TN3270 Server function on a CIP or CPA.
CiscoWorks Blue Internetwork Status Monitor
ISM manages Cisco routers, including CIP and CPA cards, from a mainframe user interface. This product integrates with Tivoli TME/10 NetView for OS/390 and SOLVE:Netmaster.
ISM monitors the availability and performance of Cisco routers through the SNA Service Point feature of the Cisco IOS software. The performance of the CIP and CPA cards in channel-attached routers may also be monitored by ISM. These performance statistics are a good indicator for the impact TN3270 Server processing has on the router.
Sterling SOLVE:Netmaster for TCP/IP
SOLVE:Netmaster for TCP/IP is a mainframe-based network management product offered by Sterling Software. It runs on both Netmaster and NetView.
SOLVE:Netmaster for TCP/IP provides monitoring, diagnosing, and management capabilities that allow help desk personnel and operators to monitor TN3270 connections throughout SNA, MVS TCP/IP, and IP network components and to diagnose and automatically correct problems that arise in a mixed SNA and TCP/IP environment. The latest release provides management support for the CIP and CPA, including TN3270 Server management capabilities.
The Cisco channel processor support provided by SOLVE:Netmaster for TCP/IP allows for centralized management of multiple Cisco CIP/CPAs and TN3270 Servers. This centralized monitoring of multiple CIP/CPAs and centralized view of status, configuration, and statistics related to multiple TN3270 Servers increases network reliability by providing early warnings about problem areas.
TN3270 Management Feature Matrix
Table 5-1 lists the network management applications that can be used to perform tasks and obtain informationTable 5-1 TN3270 Management Feature Matrix.
Enabling Management of Cisco Routers
The first step in managing a TN3270 Server environment is to enable the management of your network devices. This task is separated into the following areas of router configuration:
•
•
SNMP and SYSLOG are typically used by workstation-based network management software including:
•
•
•
•
•
SNA Service Point is used by mainframe-based network management software, including:
•
•
•
Managing from the Workstation
Routers running TN3270 Server must have SNMP configured to enable the SNMP-based management products, such as TN3270 Monitor, IPM, and Cisco Resource Manager, to view TN3270 Server configuration parameters, performance statistics, and events.
Configuring SNMP and SYSLOG
Each router to be managed must have SNMP and SYSLOG configured or the management software cannot communicate with the router.
Table 5-2 shows SNMP and SYSLOG router configuration commands. In this example, the network management system has an IP address of 10.1.1.1.
Table 5-2 SNMP and SYSLOG Router Configuration Commands
The SNMP and SYSLOG configuration process is extensively discussed in the command reference documentation for each release of the Cisco IOS software.
Managing from the Mainframe
Configuring SNA Service Point on your routers allows the routers to be managed from the mainframe by ISM, which is integrated with NetView for OS/390 or SOLVE:Netmaster.
Configuring SNA Service Point
Cisco's implementation of SNA Service Point support includes support for the following:
•
•
•
Alert support is provided as the router sends unsolicited alerts to the network management application at the host. This function occurs at the various router interfaces and protocol layers within the router.
RUNCMD support enables you to send router commands to the router from the mainframe network management console using the NetView RUNCMD facility. The router then sends the relevant replies back to the RUNCMD screen.
Vital product data support allows you to request vital product data from the mainframe network management console. The router replies with the relevant information.
Table 5-3 shows examples of RSRB configuration commands that implement SNA Service Point.
Table 5-3 RSRB Configuration Examples
The SNA Service Point configuration process is extensively discussed in the Cisco IOS software documentation.
Viewing TN3270 Server Configuration and Statistics
Before TN3270 problems can be diagnosed, you must have an understanding of how to view all TN3270 Server configuration and operating parameters. This information can be viewed by using:
•
•
•
Managing from the Router
Although we recommend using TN3270 Monitor for viewing TN3270 Server configurations, you can also view TN3270 Server configurations by opening a Telnet or console session to the router running TN3270 Server and issuing show commands.
Table 5-4 shows useful TN3270 Server router commands. In these examples, TN3270 Server is running on the CIP or CPA card associated with channel interface 1/2.
Table 5-4 TN3270 Server Router Commands
More extensive documentation on these commands is in the Cisco IOS software command references.
Managing from the Workstation
You can use Cisco's TN3270 Monitor program to access configuration information and operational parameters from the workstation.TN3270 Monitor
TN3270 Monitor uses SNMP to query configuration and operational information from a router running TN3270 Server. The program allows you to view information from one TN3270 Server at a time.
TN3270 Monitor queries the ciscoTn3270ServerMIB, which is described in the Cisco IOS software MIB Quick Reference.
Starting TN3270 Monitor
TN3270 Monitor is started from the command line or from CiscoView. This section describes how to invoke TN3270 Monitor from a UNIX command line. It is assumed that your UNIX platform is running X-Windows, all display environment variables are configured properly, and the tn3270 command is in your PATH environment variable.
To start the TN3270 Monitor, issue the following command:
tn3270 [router_ip_address] [ro_community_string]
Where:
•
•
•
For example, the following command initiates the TN3270 Monitor product and instructs it to monitor the TN3270 Server running on a router with the hostname of trillian and an SNMP read-only community string of public.
tn3270 trillian publicBecause TN3270 Monitor displays information from one TN3270 Server at a time, you must invoke multiple instances of TN3270 Monitor to view all the PUs and LUs defined to all your TN3270 Servers. You can write a UNIX shell script that invokes multiple instances of the TN3270 Monitor applications, one for each TN3270 Server.
For example, the following is a KORN shell script that invokes TN3270 Monitor for four different TN3270 Server IP addresses. It starts TN3270 Monitor four times and assumes that the SNMP read-only community string is public.
#! /bin/kshTN_SERVERS="10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.4"for router in $(echo $TN_SERVERS) ; dotn3270 "$router" publicdoneViewing Global Configuration and Statistics
When the TN3270 Monitor program is started, the Global Statistics window (Figure 5-1) is displayed. This window shows several configuration and operational statistics for the TN3270 Server.
Figure 5-1 TN3270 Monitor—Global Statistics
This window includes configuration parameters and performance statistics. Table 5-5 lists the configuration parameters of interest that are displayed in the Global Statistics window.
Table 5-5 Global Statistics Window: Configuration Parameters
Table 5-6 lists the performance statistics of interest that are displayed in the Global Statistics window.
Table 5-6 Performance Statistics
If a single router has multiple instances of TN3270 Server, you will be able to switch between viewing these instances on the Global Statistics window by changing the selection of TN3270 Server Instance. This parameter is located at the bottom of the Global Statistics window.
Viewing PU Information
All the PUs defined for the TN3270 Server instance that is being monitored by TN3270 Monitor can be viewed by selecting View->PU List. The PU List window (Figure 5-2) is displayed.Figure 5-2 PU List Window
The PU List window shows all PUs, their associated IP address and TCP port, and the PU state.
Additional PU details can be viewed by selecting a PU and then selecting View->PU Detail. The PU Detail window (Figure 5-3) is displayed.
Figure 5-3 PU Detail Window
Table 5-7 lists the fields that are displayed in the PU Detail window.
Table 5-7
Statistics on the PU Detail Window
Viewing LU Information
A list of all the LUs defined for a specific TN3270 Server PU can be viewed using the TN3270 Monitor. To view all non-nailed LUs, access the PU List window and select View->LU List. The LU List window (Figure 5-4) is displayed.
Figure 5-4 LU List Window
The LU List window displays a list of all the LUs for an individual PU, the associated client IP address and TCP port, and the LU status. If the LU state indicates that the session is not currently active, the last known client IP address and TCP port are displayed.
The LU List window maps the PU to LU to IP address for a TN3270 session. Nailed LU information can is also displayed from the PU List window, by selecting View->LU Nailed List.
Additional LU details can be displayed by selecting an LU and then selecting View->LU Details. The LU Detail window (Figure 5-5) is displayed.
Figure 5-5 LU Detail Window
Table 5-8 lists the fields displayed in the LU Detail window.
Table 5-8 Statistics on the LU Detail Window
Viewing Events
The TN3270 Monitor receives and logs events from the monitored TN3270 Server. These events contain information about session initiation and termination. The event log contains information about the correlation between PU, LU, and IP address for each TN3270 session. Error conditions are also flagged in the event log.
To view the event log, access the Global Statistics window and select View->Events. A window is displayed that allows you to selectively filter events. To view all events, select all from the list of filters and click New View. The Events window (Figure 5-6) is displayed.
Figure 5-6 Events Window
You can search for any text in this window. For example, you can use the Events window to search for an IP address and find the corresponding LU and PU names.
Managing from the Mainframe
There are several options for viewing configuration and operation parameters from the mainframe. In this section, we discuss how to view these parameters from ISM and VTAM.ISM
ISM is a mainframe-based network management application that can be integrated with NetView for S/390 or SOLVE:Netmaster. In this section we are using ISM from NetView to display configuration and operation parameters for our TN3270 sessions.
This example assumes that you have installed ISM and configured it to monitor the routers on which you are running the TN3270 Server.
Viewing Router Status
To access ISM, enter ISM at the NetView console. The ISM main menu (Figure 5-7) is displayed.
Figure 5-7 ISM Main Menu
Next, to view the status of all known routers, place your cursor in front of the ISM Status Summary option and press Enter. The Status Summary panel (Figure 5-8) is displayed.
Figure 5-8 ISM Status Summary Panel
This panel displays a status summary for all the routers known to this instance of ISM and for all the interfaces on those routers. The TN3270 Server is implemented on a channel connection.
Viewing Channel Connection Status
To view information about all the channel connections, on the ISM main menu place your cursor in front of CMCC and press Enter. The CMCC Monitoring Options panel is displayed. Place your cursor beside LIST and press Enter. The Cisco Mainframe Channel Connections panel (Figure 5-9) is displayed.
Figure 5-9 Cisco Mainframe Channel Connections Panel
This panel displays the status of all channel connections in the known routers.
For this example, we are interested in the channel connection with the SP name of MHONVPU1. To view the status of this channel connection, place your cursor on MHONVPU1 and press PF5. The CMCC Extended Display panel (Figure 5-10) is displayed.
Figure 5-10 CMCC Extended Display Panel
This panel displays status information for the first interface, interface 0, on the channel connection. In this example, the channel connection is provided by a CIP. The TN3270 Server is always implemented on interface 2 of a CIP or CPA, so to view the status of interface 2, press PF11 twice. The CMCC Extended Display panel (Figure 5-11) for interface 3/2 is displayed.
Figure 5-11 CMCC Extended Display
This panel shows that interface 3/2 is up and that no subchannels are configured on this interface. To view additional information about the interface, tab to the Channel box and press Enter. The Channel panel (Figure 5-12) is displayed.
Figure 5-12 Channel Panel
This panel displays general status information about all the channels configured on the card.
Viewing TN3270 Server Status
To access information about interface 3/2, tab to line that contains Channel 3/2 and press PF10. The CMCC and Channel Show Commands panel (Figure 5-13) is displayed.
Figure 5-13 CMCC and Channel Show Commands Panel
Because there is no show command preconfigured in ISM to display the status of the TN3270 Server, we must create one. Type 1 and press Enter. The Router Command Interface panel (Figure 5-14) is displayed.
Figure 5-14 Router Command Interface Panel
On this panel, replace icmp-stack with tn3270-server ? and press Enter. The Router Command Interface panel (Figure 5-15) is displayed again and icmp-stack is replaced by tn3270 server ?.
Figure 5-15 Redisplayed Router Command Interface
This panel displays all the possible options for the show extended channel tn3270-server command. To view the general status of the server, delete the question mark at the end of the command and press Enter. The Router Command Interface panel (Figure 5-16) is redisplayed.
Figure 5-16 Router Command Interface Panel—TN3270 Server
This panel displays the status of the server and lists the PUs configured on the server.
Viewing the Status of a PU and Its LUs
To display additional information about a specific PU, including the LUs currently in use on that PU, add pu mhopu to the command and press Enter. The Router Command Interface panel (Figure 5-17) is redisplayed.
Figure 5-17 Router Command Interface Panel—Current PU Configuration
This panel displays the current configuration of the PU and lists the LUs in use and their status.
VTAM
To view the PU definitions for the PUs used by TN3270 server, enter the D NET command and specify the PU for which you want to view information. In the following example, the status of PUXCPC01 is displayed.
D NET,ID=PUXCPC01,EIST097I DISPLAY ACCEPTEDIST075I NAME = PUXCPC01, TYPE = PU_T2.1 597IST486I STATUS= ACTIV, DESIRED STATE= ACTIVIST1058I MODEL LU GROUP = DDDMVSLU, LU-SEED = PU3###IST1043I CP NAME = PUXCPC01, CP NETID = NETA, DYNAMIC LU = YESIST1589I XNETALS = YESIST1105I RESOURCE STATUS TGN CP-CP TG CHARACTERISTICSIST1106I PUXCPC01 AC/R 0 YES 90750000000000000000014C00808080IST1482I HPR = RTP - OVERRIDE = N/A - CONNECTION = NOIST136I SWITCHED SNA MAJOR NODE = CBSWN2IST081I LINE NAME = L3800000, LINE GROUP = CBGRP38, MAJNOD = CBXCA38IST654I I/O TRACE = OFF, BUFFER TRACE = OFFIST1500I STATE TRACE = OFFIST1656I VTAMTOPO = REPORT, NODE REPORTED - YESIST1657I MAJOR NODE VTAMTOPO = REPORTIST355I LOGICAL UNITS:IST080I PU3001 ACTIV---X- LUXCPC01 ACTIV LUXCPC02 ACTIVIST314I ENDTo view the status of the switched major node, enter the D NET command and specify the ID of the network node. In the following example, the status of the resources associated with CBSWN2 is displayed.
D NET,ID=CBSWN2,EIST097I DISPLAY ACCEPTEDIST075I NAME = CBSWN2, TYPE = SW SNA MAJ NODE 572IST486I STATUS= ACTIV, DESIRED STATE= ACTIVIST1656I VTAMTOPO = REPORT, NODE REPORTED - YESIST084I NETWORK RESOURCES:IST089I PUXCPA01 TYPE = PU_T2.1 , ACTIVIST089I PUXCPB01 TYPE = PU_T2.1 , ACTIVIST089I PUB02 TYPE = LOGICAL UNIT , ACTIV---X-IST089I PUB01 TYPE = LOGICAL UNIT , ACTIV---X-IST089I PUXCPC01 TYPE = PU_T2.1 , ACTIVIST089I PU3001 TYPE = LOGICAL UNIT , ACTIV---X-IST089I LUXCPC01 TYPE = LOGICAL UNIT , ACTIVIST089I LUXCPC02 TYPE = LOGICAL UNIT , ACTIVIST314I ENDMonitoring TN3270 Server Availability
The TN3270 Server software runs on a CIP or CPA card in routers. If the router is not functional, then the CIP or CPA card is not functional and TN3270 Server will not operate. Cisco provides tools for monitoring the availability of these routers.
Managing from the Workstation
You can use the Cisco Resource Manager to monitor the availability of the TN3270 Server from the workstation. You can also use Hewlett-Packard's OpenView or IBM's NetView for AIX.Cisco Resource Manager
CRM can be used to monitor the current status of all routers that you have configured to run TN3270 Server. Each TN3270 Server has an IP address to which TN3270 clients connect. The connectivity of this IP address can be monitored by Cisco Resource Manager. This section explains how to configure Cisco Resource Manager to monitor the IP address of the TN3270 Server, and how to view availability reports for the TN3270 Servers.
In addition, SYSLOG messages may be analyzed by Cisco Resource Manager. A discussion of how to configure Cisco Resource Manager to monitor TN3270 Server SYSLOG messages is in the Configuring TN3270 Server SYSLOG Reports section.
These instructions assume that you have successfully installed Cisco Resource Manager on a UNIX or NT workstation.
Configuring TN3270 Server Availability Reports
The following steps detail how to configure availability polling for a group of routers running the TN3270 Server. At the conclusion of this section, you will have created a Device View, or a grouping of routers, named TN3270 Servers.
Step 1.
Figure 5-18 Cisco Resource Manager Main Window
Step 2.
Step 3.
•
•
•
Figure 5-19 Add a Single Device Window
•
•
•
Figure 5-20 Add Passwords Window
•
•
•
Figure 5-21 Enter Authentication Information Window
•
•
Step 4.
•
•
•
Figure 5-22 Add Dynamic Views Window
•
Figure 5-23 Filter Select Devices Window
•
•
•
Figure 5-24 Save Dynamic View Window
•
•
Step 5.
•
•
•
•
•
Figure 5-25 Browse Dynamic Views
Step 6.
•
•
•
Figure 5-26 Select Polled Views Window
•
•
•
Figure 5-27 Change Polling Options Window
•
•
The Cisco Resource Manager device view is now configured and availability polling has been initiated for the routers you defined to be running TN3270 Server.
Viewing TN3270 Server Availability Reports
Cisco Resource Manager provides several types of useful availability information for groups of devices, including the following reports applicable to TN3270 networks:
•
•
•
Using the Availability Monitor
Use the Availability Monitor to continuously check selected devices. You can view device reachability status and response time. Availability Monitor information is updated at half the SNMP polling rate. For example, if your SNMP polling interval is set to 10 minutes, the Availability Monitor is updated every 5 minutes. If you followed the Cisco Resource Manager configuration process outlined in the previous section, this report will contain the current IP status of all your TN3270 Servers.
Note:
To access the Availability Monitor do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Figure 5-28 Select Devices Window
Step 4.
Step 5.
Step 6.
Figure 5-29 Availability Monitor Window
The Availability Monitor window displays the following information:
•
•
•
•
Viewing Interface Status
The status of channel interfaces of a router are very important to TN3270 Server. If the channel interfaces are not up, then TN3270 Server will experience problems.
To access interface status, begin at the Availability Monitor report. Click Interface Status beside the desired device. The Interface Details window (Figure 5-30) is displayed.
Figure 5-30 Interface Details Window
Examine the status of all channel interfaces. If any channel interfaces have an Admin Status of up and an Operational Status of down, TN3270 Server may not be operating properly.
Accessing Device Center Reports
The Device Center provides several reports about reachability history and current router configuration. The reports available for individual devices include:
•
•
•
•
•
To access the Device Center, begin with the Availability Monitor report. Click the name of the desired device. The Data Center window is displayed. Select the type of report desired. If you select Detail Inventory and then select Interfaces from the list of tables, the Interfaces Status report is displayed. This report provides a summary of the current configuration of all channel interfaces.
Configuring TN3270 Server SYSLOG Reports
The TN3270 Server identifies error and informational messages using the SYSLOG facility. These messages are the best way for TN3270 Server software to notify the network operator that there is an operational or configuration error. Explanations and recommended corrective actions for all TN3270 Server SYSLOG messages are included in the Cisco IOS software System Error Messages document.
The TN3270 Server, as well as other components within the router, send SYSLOG messages to the network management system where they are stored for a period of time (a week by default). However, this parameter can be changed through Cisco Resource Manager. Although Cisco Resource Manager stores these messages, it is up to the network operator to periodically view the messages to identify problems or potential problems with the TN3270 Server.
To configure Cisco Resource Manager SYSLOG reports that analyze TN3270 Server messages and CIP/CPA messages, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Figure 5-31 Define Custom Reports Window
Step 4.
Step 5.
Figure 5-32 Add Custom Report (Advanced) Window—TN3270 Server Messages
Step 6.
Step 7.
Step 8.
Step 9.
Step 10.
Step 11.
Step 12.
Figure 5-33 Add Custom Report (Advanced) Window—CIP and CPA Messages
Step 13.
Step 14.
Step 15.
Step 16.
Viewing TN3270 Server SYSLOG Reports
The network operator should view SYSLOG reports daily to proactively search for potential operational or configuration problems with TN3270 Servers and CIP/CPA cards. In addition, the network operator can view reports for all messages stored by Cisco Resource Manager.
Viewing 24 Hour SYSLOG Reports
The 24 hour SYSLOG reports display messages received by Cisco Resource Manager over the past 24 hours. Follow this procedure once a day:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Pay special attention to the TN3270 Server Messages and the CIP and CPA Messages reports. If either of these reports have messages, scroll to these messages and determine whether the condition is serious or informational.
In a message, click Facility to display a detailed description of the message as well as a recommended action. If the message is not documented in your version of Cisco Resource Manager, then you can look up the SYSLOG description and recommended action in the Cisco IOS software System Error Messages document.
You can also click on a device name to invoke the Cisco Resource Manager Device Center. Additional problem diagnosis for a specific router can be performed from the Device Center screen.
SYSLOG Analysis
SYSLOG reports can also be invoked to view messages received by Cisco Resource Manager for the past seven days. Follow this procedure when diagnosing problems with TN3270 Server:
Step 1.
Step 2.
•
•
•
HP OpenView or NetView for AIX
A network management platform like HP OpenView or NetView for AIX can be used to view traps related to TN3270 Server routers. The discussion of how to use HP OpenView and NetView for AIX is beyond the scope of this document. However, it is worthwhile to briefly mention the SNMP trap management offered by these tools.
Viewing All SNMP Traps from the Event Display
Both HP OpenView and NetView for AIX support a window that displays SNMP traps. In this window, you can search for the IP address of a specific TN3270 Server router or a TN3270 client.
You can also display all SNMP traps that are in the Cisco or CiscoWorks category. These categories of events identify SNMP traps sent by Cisco devices and applications to the network management system.
Viewing All SNMP Traps for a Specific Router
Both HP OpenView and NetView for AIX support displaying events for a specific device. To display events for a specific device, first open the network map window that contains the device in question. To display a submap with a TN3270 Server router, search for the IP address of the TN3270 Server. Once you locate the router, select the router icon and invoke the network management system's SNMP trap display. The window lists SNMP traps received by the network management system for that router only.
Managing from the Mainframe
You can use the Cisco ISM to monitor the availability of the TN3270 Server from the mainframe. You can also use VTAM.ISM
ISM allows you to monitor the status of all CMCC routers or interfaces. You can also define a group of routers that you want to monitor.Monitoring All CMCC Routers and Interfaces
To display the status of all CMCC routers and interfaces, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Figure 5-34 Cisco Mainframe Channel Connections Panel
Step 3.
Figure 5-35 Interfaces Type =C Panel
Monitoring Routers in Groups
To manage large numbers of routers or to sort routers into meaningful groups, such as those that contain a TN3270 Server, you can assign up to two group names to be associated with each router. These groups can be used to filter views when monitoring router status and to manage ISM's monitoring load by scheduling different monitoring intervals for router groups in the ISM Scheduler application.If you assign a router to more than one group and also set up the ISM Scheduler application, then ISM monitors the router according to the monitoring interval associated with the first group to which the router is assigned. The order in which you specify a group ID for a router affects the implementation of group scheduling.
You can assign routers to management groups using one of the following methods:
•
•
Then, when you want to monitor all the routers in the TN3270 group, access the Router Status Display and enter TN3270 as the router group alias. The panel displays all the routers you have identified as running a TN3270 Server.
Monitoring the Status of the Group
To monitor the status of a defined group, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Figure 5-36 Router Status Panel
The panel displays the list of routers and uses color to indicate the status of the router. The colors and their associated status are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diagnosing Problems
As with many networking environments, TN3270 sessions involve several elements. This makes problem diagnosis challenging. However, by following some simple procedures, you can narrow down the nature of the problem and the offending element.
Gathering Information
The first step in diagnosing a problem is to gather as much configuration information as possible from the end user, including these vital pieces of data:
•
•
•
•
The user is not likely to know any of this information. Table 5-9 provides instructions for locating data.
Table 5-9 Information Needed in Problem Diagnosis.
Client IP Address
For Windows 95 and 98 clients, run the winipcfg program. This program provides information about the IP stack on the PC, including the client IP address.
For Windows NT clients, IP address information is in the networking section of the Control Panel.
For UNIX clients, run ifconfig -a from a command line.
Server IP Address
Determine which program is being used for TN3270 emulation. Investigate the configuration file(s) for this program. The IP address of the server is usually stored in a configuration file so that the user does not have to enter it each time a connection is made to the mainframe.
Client LU
Use TN3270 Monitor Events window to search for the client IP address. When you locate the IP address, examine the event to determine the client LU and server PU. If you do not know which server contains the LU, then follow the procedure outlined in "Determining Which IP Addresses, PUs, and LUs Correspond to the TN3270 Servers".
Server PU
First, determine the server IP address. Invoke TN3270 Monitor to manage that IP address. List the PUs. One of the PUs for that router should be mapped to the server IP address. If it is not, you may have multiple CIP/CPA cards in the router, so use TN3270 Monitor to view all CIP/CPA cards in the router.
Determining the Nature of the Problem
Problems in a TN3270 environment are typically either connectivity problems or configuration problems. To determine whether the problem is related to connectivity or configuration, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Determining Which IP Addresses, PUs, and LUs Correspond to the TN3270 Servers
If you have multiple TN3270 Servers, it might not be clear which server is associated with which PUs, LUs, and client IP addresses. To determine this association, you should first start an instance of the TN3270 Monitor for each TN3270 Server.
After all instances of TN3270 Monitor are started, open the Events window in each instance. Search for any client IP address, PU, or LU in those windows. Although you might have to search all instances of the Events windows to locate the desired PU, LU, or client IP address, this process is easier than issuing multiple router show commands.
After you have located the offending PU or LU, use TN3270 Monitor to view PU or LU Details, or to view additional information from the Events window.
Diagnosing Configuration Problems
This section describes the various tools that you can use to diagnose configuration problems in a TN3270 environment.Managing from the Router
TN3270 Server configuration problems can be diagnosed from the router command line through the commands described in Viewing TN3270 Server Configuration and Statistics. These commands display overall TN3270 Server configuration parameters and list all defined PUs and LUs.
Managing from the Workstation
Because router configuration changes stimulate SYSLOG messages, you can use Cisco Resource Manager to view the SYSLOG messages and determine when recent configuration changes were made to the router. This aids in pinpointing a configuration change might have caused the problem.
Once you determine which TN3270 Server router is experiencing problems, you can view the SYSLOG messages for that device as described in Monitoring TN3270 Server Availability. This report includes when the router's configuration was last changed as one of the messages in the list.
Managing from the Mainframe
There are several options for diagnosing configuration problems from the mainframe. You can use ISM to isolate configuration problems.TN3270 Server configuration problems can be diagnosed from ISM using the Router Command Interface panel as described in Viewing TN3270 Server Configuration and Statistics. These commands display overall TN3270 Server configuration parameters, as well as list all defined PUs and LUs.
Diagnosing Connectivity Problems
When diagnosing connectivity problems, it is important that you look at the network from the mainframe to the end user. Figure 5-37 shows possible points of failure in a TN3270 network.
Figure 5-37 TN3270 Session Possible Points of Failure
A connection between a TN3270 client and the mainframe can be disrupted for several reasons. The points of potential failure include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Problem: CIP/CPA Loses Connectivity to the Mainframe
If no TN3270 sessions can traverse through the CIP/CPA card to the mainframe, in the TN3270 Monitor Events window, the Link disc by remote message appears. The last event in this window details the loss of connectivity and indicates which PU is effected.
You can also view the PU Details window and examine the PU state, which will be test rather than active, as shown in Figure 5-38.
Figure 5-38 TN3270 Monitor Events Window
The recommended action for this problem is to reestablish connectivity between the mainframe and the channel-attached router.
Problem: CIP/CPA Is Unavailable
The CIP or CPA running TN3270 Server might become unavailable. If you are using Cisco Resource Manager or ISM, you can determine this by viewing either the Cisco Resource Manager Availability Monitor or the ISM Cisco Mainframe Channel Connection panel. View the log files to determine why the router is experiencing problems.
You can check the log files in the following way:
•
•
•
•
Problem: TN3270 Server Unavailable
Both Cisco Resource Manager and ISM provide ways to continuously monitor TN3270 Server availability. The first line of defense in diagnosing TN3270 problems is knowing, at a basic network connectivity level, if the TN3270 Server IP address is available. This can be accomplished from a workstation-based or mainframe-based network management system.
•
•
In rare cases the TN3270 Server software might crash because of a lack of system resources or other problems. The server might log error messages before it ceases to function. View the log files to determine why the server is experiencing problems.
Problem: TN3270 Server Router Unavailable
The router running TN3270 Server might become unavailable. If you are using Cisco Resource Manager or ISM, you can determine this status by viewing either the Cisco Resource Manager Availability Monitor or ISM Router Status panel. View the log files to determine why the router is experiencing problems.
Problem: IP Network Cloud Unavailable
This problem may be indicated if all TN3270 Server routers are available from the perspective of the network operator, but not from the end user. The network operator should turn to an IP network management platform such as HP OpenView or NetView for AIX to troubleshoot problems in the IP cloud.
Problem: Access Router Unavailable
The network operator may not know which router is the access router. If that information is known, and the router is sending SNMP traps and SYSLOG messages to the network management system, then the same log file analysis may be performed as for other types of routers.
Problem: TN3270 Client Loses Connectivity
If a TN3270 client looses connectivity to a TN3270 Server, because of a client reboot or system crash, the TN3270 Server does not automatically release the LU associated with the client. TN3270 Server releases LUs after 30 minutes of idle time have passed since a Timing Mark was sent from the server to the client. However, by default, Timing Mark is not enabled in TN3270 Server.
The symptom of this problem is that a client cannot connect to the TN3270 Server, but the TN3270 Server keeps the LU state as actSession. This means that the TN3270 Server believes there is an active session when, in fact, there is not. Inactive LUs should be in the act/NA state.
The recommended solution to avoid this problem is to configure Timing Marks in TN3270 Server. However, some older versions of TN3270 emulators do not support Timing Marks properly, so this solution is not feasible for all customers.
Monitoring TN3270 Response Time
The TN3270 Server software runs on a CIP or CPA card in routers. If the network response time is degraded, then the users of the TN3270 Server will be impacted. Cisco provides tools for monitoring the response time of the routers.
Managing from the Workstation
Cisco's workstation product, IPM, is designed to measure response times. In addition, you can use data from TN3270 Monitor and HP OpenView to monitor response times.IPM
With IPM, you can measure the end-to-end response time using an IP echo or SNA echo. IPM uses the response-time reporter feature of the Cisco IOS software to measure the response time on a hop-by-hop basis between the router and a configured target. To get a complete picture of the response time between the client and the mainframe, you take three measurements: one between the TN3270 Server router and the client and two between the TN3270 Server router and the mainframe (one using an IP echo and one using an SNA echo).In this section, we assume that you have already defined the router on which the TN3270 Router is running as an IPM Source. For more information about defining IPM sources, see the CiscoWorks Blue Internetwork Performance Monitor User's Guide.
Defining the Targets
Because you are taking three measurements, you must define three targets. First, define a target for the client. To define a target in IPM, do the following:
Step 1.
Figure 5-39 IPM:Target Window
Step 2.
Figure 5-40 Add Target Window
Step 3.
•
•
Step 4.
Next, define a target for the mainframe that uses an IP echo. Repeat Steps 2 through 4. In Step 3, enter the following values:
•
•
Finally, define a target for the mainframe that uses an SNA echo. Repeat Steps 2 through 4. In Step 3, enter the following values:
•
•
Configuring an Operation
An IPM operation is an alias for a set of parameters used in measuring response time. You need to configure two operations, one for your IP echo measurements and one for your SNA echo measurements. First, configure the operation for the IP echo measurements. To configure an IPM operation, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Figure 5-41 IPM-Add Operation Window
Step 3.
•
•
•
•
•
Step 4.
Next, configure the operation for the SNA echo measurements. Repeat Steps 2 through 4. In Step 3, enter the following values:
•
•
•
•
•
Configuring Collectors
After you configure the IPM SNMP agents, targets, and operations, you can configure a collector, which is a combination of a source, target, and operation. For each collector, you can also specify parameters for gathering statistics, generating event notifications, and scheduling. For more information about these parameters, see the CiscoWorks Blue Internetwork Performance Monitor User Guide.
Note:
You will need three collectors, one for each measurement that you want to take. First, configure the collector for the measurement from the TN3270 Server Router to the client. To add a new IPM collector, do the following:
Step 1.
Figure 5-42 IPM: Add Collector Window
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Figure 5-43 IPM: Add Collector Window (Start Time and Duration)
Step 5.
Step 6.
Next, configure a collector for the IP measurement from the TN3270 Server router to the mainframe. Finally, configure a collector for the SNA measurement from the TN3270 Server router to the mainframe.
Viewing Response Time Data
After you have configured the collectors, let them run for a few hours to collect a sampling of response-time data. You can then view the results of the collectors to isolate the network bottleneck. First, display the response times for the path from the TN3270 Server router to the client. To view response-time data, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
TN3270 Monitor
TN3270 Monitor also provides information about response times based on a sampling of host and client responses. The client data is only meaningful if you have configured the timing mark in the TN3270 Server. To configure the timing mark, access the command line of the TN3270 Server router and issue the timing-mark command in TN3270 configuration mode, as shown below:
router(cfg-tn3270)#timing-mark
To view the response-time data gathered by TN3270 Monitor, initiate the program to monitor the desired router. The Global Statistics window (Figure 5-44) is displayed.
Figure 5-44 Global Statistics Window
This window includes the following fields:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Managing from the Mainframe
Although ISM does not provide specific response-time data, it will alert you to a degraded state in a router if it receives an NMVT indicating a change in the response time by changing the color of the router to pink on the ISM Router Status panel.Once you have defined your group of TN3270 Server routers, to monitor the status of the defined group, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Figure 5-45 Router Status Panel
The routers should be displayed in green. If a response time problem is detected, the color of the router will change to pink.
Monitoring TN3270 Server Performance
In addition to network response time, other factors can impact the performance of the TN3270 session. Performance problems are typically related to memory and CPU utilization issues.Managing from the Workstation
TN3270 Monitor allows you to view events logged for a TN3270 Server. If you detect a performance problem with the server, you can use the TN3270 Monitor to locate events that indicate the nature of the performance problem. One of these events is "No memory for lu alloc".
While in the TN3270 Monitor Events window, you can search for events that meet certain criteria. For example, to perform a search for all events related to memory problems, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Step 5.
Step 6.
Managing from the Mainframe
ISM alerts you to changes in router performance by changing the color of the router name as displayed on the ISM Router Status panel. You can use other ISM panels to determine the nature of the performance problem.Once you have defined your group of TN3270 Server routers, to monitor the status of the defined group, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Figure 5-46 Router Status Panel
The routers should be displayed in green. If a performance problem is detected, the color of the router will change to yellow.
Step 3.
Figure 5-47 Router Status Extended Panel
For routers that are experiencing performance problems, the Status column will display PERF. The Xtended column then contains one or more letters that indicate the nature of the problem. Possible values are:
•
•
•
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Step 4.
•
Figure 5-48 Router Performance History Panel
If you press PF11, the Router Command Interface panel (Figure 5-49) with the show process mem command is displayed.
Figure 5-49 Router Command Interface Panel with show process mem Command
•
Figure 5-50 CMCC History Panel
•
You can also configure ISM to generate an alert if certain performance thresholds are exceeded. To configure the performance thresholds, do the following:
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Figure 5-51 ISM CMCC Administration Panel
You can alter the CPU and memory thresholds. Then, when the threshold is exceeded, ISM generates an alert.
