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Contents
database archive through dns
- data
- database archive
- database level
- database url
- database username
- deadtime (server-group configuration)
- def-domain
- default (cs-server)
- default (ca-trustpoint)
- default (ca-trustpool)
- default-group-policy
- deny
- deny (Catalyst 6500 series switches)
- deny (IP)
- deny (IPv6)
- deny (MAC ACL)
- deny (WebVPN)
- description (dot1x credentials)
- description (identify zone)
- description (identity policy)
- description (identity profile)
- description (IKEv2 keyring)
- description (isakmp peer)
- destination host
- destination realm
- device (identity profile)
- device-role
- device-sensor accounting
- device-sensor filter-list cdp
- device-sensor filter-list dhcp
- device-sensor filter-list lldp
- device-sensor filter-spec
- device-sensor notify
- dhcp (IKEv2)
- dhcp server (isakmp)
- dhcp timeout
- dialer aaa
- diameter origin host
- diameter origin realm
- diameter peer
- diameter redundancy
- diameter timer
- diameter vendor supported
- disable open-media-channel
- disconnect ssh
- dn
- dn (IKEv2)
- dnis (AAA preauthentication)
- dnis (RADIUS)
- dnis bypass (AAA preauthentication configuration)
- dns
data
To configure the data interface type and number for a redundancy group, use the datacommand in redundancy application group configuration mode. To remove the configuration, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Use the data command to configure the data interface. The data interface can be the same physical interface as the control interface.
Examples
The following example shows how to configure the data Gigabit Ethernet interface for group1:
Router# configure terminal Router(config)# redundancy Router(config-red)# application redundancy Router(config-red-app)# group 1 Router(config-red-app-grp)# data GigabitEthernet 0/0/0Related Commands
Command
Description
application redundancy
Enters redundancy application configuration mode.
authentication
Configures clear text authentication and MD5 authentication for a redundancy group.
control
Configures the control interface type and number for a redundancy group.
group(firewall)
Enters redundancy application group configuration mode.
name
Configures the redundancy group with a name.
preempt
Enables preemption on the redundancy group.
protocol
Defines a protocol instance in a redundancy group.
database archive
To set the certification authority (CA) certificate and CA key archive format--and the password--to encrypt this CA certificate and CA key archive file, use the database archivecommand in certificate server configuration mode. To disable the auto-archive feature, use the no form of this command.
database archive { pkcs12 | pem } [ password password ]
no database archive { pkcs12 | pem } [ password password ]
Syntax Description
pkcs12
Export as a PKCS12 file. The default is PKCS12.
pem
Export as a privacy-enhanced mail (PEM) file.
password password
(Optional) Password to encrypt the CA certificate and CA key. The password must be at least eight characters. If a password is not specified, you will be prompted for the password after the no shutdown command has been issued for the first time. When the password is entered, it will be encrypted.
Command Default
The archive format is PKCS (that is, the CA certificate and CA key are exported into a PKCS12 file, and you are prompted for the password when the certificate server is turned on the first time).
Usage Guidelines
You must configure the crypto pki server command with the name of the certificate server in order to enter certificate server configuration mode and configure this command.
Use this command to configure the autoarchive format for the CA certificate and CA key. The archive can later be used to restore your certificate server.
If autoarchiving is not explicitly turned off when the certificate server is first enabled (using the no shutdown command), the CA certificate and CA key will be archived automatically, applying the following rule:
- The CA key must be (1) manually generated and marked “exportable” or (2) automatically generated by the certificate server (it will be marked nonexportable).
NoteIt is strongly recommended that if the password is included in the configuration to suppress the prompt after the no shutdown command, the password should be removed from the configuration after the archiving is finished.
Examples
The following example shows that certificate server autoarchiving has been enabled. The CA certificate and CA key format has been set to PEM, and the password has been set as cisco123.
Router (config)# crypto pki server myserver Router (cs-server)# database archive pem password cisco123Related Commands
Command
Description
auto-rollover
Enables the automated CA certificate rollover functionality.
cdp-url
Specifies a CDP to be used in certificates that are issued by the certificate server.
crl (cs-server)
Specifies the CRL PKI CS.
crypto pki server
Enables a CS and enters certificate server configuration mode, or immediately generates shadow CA credentials
database level
Controls what type of data is stored in the certificate enrollment database.
database url
Specifies the location where database entries for the CS is stored or published.
database username
Specifies the requirement of a username or password to be issued when accessing the primary database location.
default (cs-server)
Resets the value of the CS configuration command to its default.
grant auto rollover
Enables automatic granting of certificate reenrollment requests for a Cisco IOS subordinate CA server or RA mode CA.
grant auto trustpoint
Specifies the CA trustpoint of another vendor from which the Cisco IOS certificate server automatically grants certificate enrollment requests.
grant none
Specifies all certificate requests to be rejected.
grant ra-auto
Specifies that all enrollment requests from an RA be granted automatically.
hash (cs-server)
Specifies the cryptographic hash function the Cisco IOS certificate server uses to sign certificates issued by the CA.
issuer-name
Specifies the DN as the CA issuer name for the CS.
lifetime (cs-server)
Specifies the lifetime of the CA or a certificate.
mode ra
Enters the PKI server into RA certificate server mode.
mode sub-cs
Enters the PKI server into sub-certificate server mode
redundancy (cs-server)
Specifies that the active CS is synchronized to the standby CS.
serial-number (cs-server)
Specifies whether the router serial number should be included in the certificate request.
show (cs-server)
Displays the PKI CS configuration.
shutdown (cs-server)
Allows a CS to be disabled without removing the configuration.
database level
To control what type of data is stored in the certificate enrollment database, use the database level command in certificate server configuration mode. To return to the default functionality, use the no form of this command.
Syntax Description
minimal
Enough information is stored only to continue issuing new certificates without conflict. This is the default functionality.
names
The serial number and subject name of each certificate are stored in the database, providing enough information for the administrator to find and revoke and particular certificate, if necessary.
complete
Each issued certificate is written to the database. If this keyword is used, you should enable the database url command; see “Usage Guidelines” for more information.
Usage Guidelines
You must configure the crypto pki server command with the name of the certificate server in order to enter certificate server configuration mode and configure this command.
The database level command is used to describe the database of certificates and certification authority (CA) states. After the user downgrades the database level, the old data stays the same and the new data is logged at the new level.
minimum Level
The ca-label.ser file is always available. It contains the previously issued certificate’s serial number, which is always 1. If the .ser file is unavailable and the CA server has a self-signed certificate in the local configuration, the CA server will refuse to issue new certificates.
The file format is as follows:
last_serial = serial-numbernames Level
The serial-number.cnm file, which is written for each issued certificate, contains the “human readable decoded subject name” of the issued certificate and the “der encoded” values. This file can also include a certificate expiration date and the current status. (The minimum level files are also written out.)
The file format is as follows:
subjectname_der = < base64 encoded der value> subjectname_str = < human readable decode subjectname> expiration = < expiration date> status = valid | revokedcomplete Level
The serial-number .cer file, which is written for each issued certificate, is the binary certificate without additional encoding. (The minimum and names level files are also written out.)
The complete level produces a large amount of information, so you may want to store all database entries on an external TFTP server via the database url command unless your router does one of the following:
Examples
The following example shows how configure a minimum database to be stored on the local system:
Router#(config) ip http server Router#(config) crypto pki server myserver Router#(cs-server) database level minimum Router#(cs-server) database url nvram: Router#(cs-server) issuer-name CN = ipsec_cs,L = Santa Cruz,C = USRelated Commands
Command
Description
auto-rollover
Enables the automated CA certificate rollover functionality.
cdp-url
Specifies a CDP to be used in certificates that are issued by the certificate server.
crl (cs-server)
Specifies the CRL PKI CS.
crypto pki server
Enables a CS and enters certificate server configuration mode, or immediately generates shadow CA credentials
database archive
Specifies the CA certificate and CA key archive format--and the password--to encrypt this CA certificate and CA key archive file.
database url
Specifies the location where database entries for the CS is stored or published.
database username
Specifies the requirement of a username or password to be issued when accessing the primary database location.
default (cs-server)
Resets the value of the CS configuration command to its default.
grant auto rollover
Enables automatic granting of certificate reenrollment requests for a Cisco IOS subordinate CA server or RA mode CA.
grant auto trustpoint
Specifies the CA trustpoint of another vendor from which the Cisco IOS certificate server automatically grants certificate enrollment requests.
grant none
Specifies all certificate requests to be rejected.
grant ra-auto
Specifies that all enrollment requests from an RA be granted automatically.
hash (cs-server)
Specifies the cryptographic hash function the Cisco IOS certificate server uses to sign certificates issued by the CA.
issuer-name
Specifies the DN as the CA issuer name for the CS.
lifetime (cs-server)
Specifies the lifetime of the CA or a certificate.
mode ra
Enters the PKI server into RA certificate server mode.
mode sub-cs
Enters the PKI server into sub-certificate server mode
redundancy (cs-server)
Specifies that the active CS is synchronized to the standby CS.
serial-number (cs-server)
Specifies whether the router serial number should be included in the certificate request.
show (cs-server)
Displays the PKI CS configuration.
shutdown (cs-server)
Allows a CS to be disabled without removing the configuration.
database url
To specify the location where database entries for the certificate server (CS) is stored or published, use the database urlcommand in certificate server configuration mode. To return to the default location, use the no form of this command.
Storing Files to a Primary Location
database url root-url
Storing Critical CS Files to a Specific Location
database url [ cnm | crl | crt | p12 | pem | ser ] root-url [ username username ] [ password [encrypt-type] password ]
no database url [ cnm | crl | crt | p12 | pem | ser ] root-url [ username username ] [ password [encrypt-type] password ]
Publishing Noncritical CS Files to a Specific Location
database url { cnm | crl | crt } publish root-url [ username username ] [ password [encrypt-type] password ]
no database url { cnm | crl | crt } publish root-url [ username username ] [ password [encrypt-type] password ]
Syntax Description
Command Default
The default file storage location is flash.
No default file publish location is specified.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.3(4)T
This command was introduced.
12.4(4)T
This command was modified. The following keywords and arguments were added cnm, crl, crt, p12, pem, ser, publish, username username , encrypt-type and password password.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.(33)SRA.
Usage Guidelines
You must configure the crypto pki server command with the name of the certificate server in order to enter certificate server configuration mode and configure this command.
The database url command specifies a combined list of all the certificates that have been issued and the current command revocation list (CRL). The CRL is written to the certificate enrollment database with the name of the certificate server.
NoteAlthough issuing the database url command is not required, it is recommended. Unless your router has a local file system that is designed for a large number of write operations and has sufficient storage for the certificates that are issued, you should issue this command.
Cisco IOS File System
The router uses any file system that is supported by your version of Cisco IOS software (such as TFTP, FTP, flash, and NVRAM) to send a certificate request and to receive the issued certificate. A user may wish to enable IFS certificate enrollment when his or her certification authority (CA) does not support Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP).
Specifying CS Storage and Publication Location by File Type
The CS allows the flexibility to store different critical file types to specific storage locations and publish non-critical files to the same or alternate locations. When choosing storage locations consider the file security needed and server performance. For instance, serial number files (.ser) and archive files (.p12 or .pem) might have greater security restrictions than the general certificates storage location (.crt) or the name file storage location (.cnm). Performance of your certificate server may be affected by the storage location(s) you choose, for example, reading from a network location would likely take more time than reading directly from a router’s local storage device.
Examples
The following example shows how to configure all database entries to be written out to a TFTP server:
Router#(config) ip http server Router#(config) crypto pki server myserver Router#(cs-server) database level complete Router#(cs-server) database url tftp://mytftpThe following example shows the configuration of a primary storage location for critical files, a specific storage location for the critical file serial number file, the main CS database file, and a password protected file publication location for the CRL file:
Router(config)# crypto pki server mycs Router(cs-server)# database url ftp://cs-db.company.com ! % Server database url was changed. You need to move the % existing database to the new location. ! Router(cs-server)# database url ser nvram: Router(cs-server)# database url crl publish ftp://crl.company.com username myname password mypassword Router(cs-server)# endThe following show output displays the specified primary storage location and critical file storage locations specified:
Router# show Sep 3 20:19:34.216: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by user on console Router# show crypto pki server Certificate Server mycs: Status: disabled Server's configuration is unlocked (enter "no shut" to lock it) Issuer name: CN=mycs CA cert fingerprint: -Not found- Granting mode is: manual Last certificate issued serial number: 0x0 CA certificate expiration timer: 00:00:00 GMT Jan 1 1970 CRL not present. Current primary storage dir: ftp://cs-db.company.com Current storage dir for .ser files: nvram: Database Level: Minimum - no cert data written to storage Router#The following show output displays all storage and publication locations. The serial number file (.ser) is stored in NVRAM. The CRL file will be published to ftp://crl.company.com with a username and password. All other critical files will be stored to the primary location, ftp://cs-db.company.com.
Router# show running-config section crypto pki server crypto pki server mycs shutdown database url ftp://cs-db.company.com database url crl publish ftp://crl.company.com username myname password 7 12141C0713181F13253920 database url ser nvram:Router#
Examples
To ensure that the specified URL is working correctly, configure the database url command before you issue the no shutdown command on the certificate server for the first time. If the URL is broken, you will see output as follows:
Router(config)# crypto pki server mycs Router(cs-server)# database url ftp://myftpserver Router(cs-server)# no shutdown % Once you start the server, you can no longer change some of % the configuration. Are you sure you want to do this? [yes/no]: yes Translating "myftpserver"% There was a problem reading the file 'mycs.ser' from certificate storage.
% Please verify storage accessibility and enable the server again.
% Failed to generate CA certificate - 0xFFFFFFFF % The Certificate Server has been disabled.Related Commands
Command
Description
auto-rollover
Enables the automated CA certificate rollover functionality.
cdp-url
Specifies a CDP to be used in certificates that are issued by the certificate server.
crl (cs-server)
Specifies the CRL PKI CS.
crypto pki server
Enables a CS and enters certificate server configuration mode, or immediately generates shadow CA credentials
database archive
Specifies the CA certificate and CA key archive format--and the password--to encrypt this CA certificate and CA key archive file.
database level
Controls what type of data is stored in the certificate enrollment database.
database username
Specifies the requirement of a username or password to be issued when accessing the primary database location.
default (cs-server)
Resets the value of the CS configuration command to its default.
grant auto rollover
Enables automatic granting of certificate reenrollment requests for a Cisco IOS subordinate CA server or RA mode CA.
grant auto trustpoint
Specifies the CA trustpoint of another vendor from which the Cisco IOS certificate server automatically grants certificate enrollment requests.
grant none
Specifies all certificate requests to be rejected.
grant ra-auto
Specifies that all enrollment requests from an RA be granted automatically.
hash (cs-server)
Specifies the cryptographic hash function the Cisco IOS certificate server uses to sign certificates issued by the CA.
issuer-name
Specifies the DN as the CA issuer name for the CS.
lifetime (cs-server)
Specifies the lifetime of the CA or a certificate.
mode ra
Enters the PKI server into RA certificate server mode.
mode sub-cs
Enters the PKI server into sub-certificate server mode
redundancy (cs-server)
Specifies that the active CS is synchronized to the standby CS.
serial-number (cs-server)
Specifies whether the router serial number should be included in the certificate request.
show (cs-server)
Displays the PKI CS configuration.
shutdown (cs-server)
Allows a CS to be disabled without removing the configuration.
database username
To require a username or password to be issued when accessing the primary database location, use the database username command in certificate server configuration mode. To return to the default value, use the no form of this command.
database username username [ password [encr-type] password ]
no database username username [ password [encr-type] password ]
Syntax Description
Command Default
No username or password will be used to access the primary database storage location.
Usage Guidelines
You must configure the crypto pki server command with the name of the certificate server in order to enter certificate server configuration mode and configure this command.
All information stored in the remote database is public: there are no private keys stored in the database location. Using a password helps to protect against a potential attacker who can change the contents of the .ser or .crl file. If the contents of the files are changed, the certificate server may shut down, refusing to either issue new certificates or respond to Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) requests until the files are restored.
It is good security practice to protect all information exchanges with the database server using IP Security (IPsec). To protect your information, use a remote database to obtain the appropriate certificates and setup the necessary IPsec connections to protect all future access to the database server.
Examples
The following example shows how to specify the username “mystorage” when the primary storage location is on an external TFTP server:
Router (config)# ip http server Router (config)# crypto pki server myserver Router (cs-server)# database level complete Router (cs-server)# database url tftp://mytftp Router (cs-server)# database username mystorageRelated Commands
Command
Description
auto-rollover
Enables the automated CA certificate rollover functionality.
cdp-url
Specifies a CDP to be used in certificates that are issued by the certificate server.
crl (cs-server)
Specifies the CRL PKI CS.
crypto pki server
Enables a CS and enters certificate server configuration mode, or immediately generates shadow CA credentials
database archive
Specifies the CA certificate and CA key archive format--and the password--to encrypt this CA certificate and CA key archive file.
database level
Controls what type of data is stored in the certificate enrollment database.
database url
Specifies the location where database entries for the CS is stored or published.
default (cs-server)
Resets the value of the CS configuration command to its default.
grant auto rollover
Enables automatic granting of certificate reenrollment requests for a Cisco IOS subordinate CA server or RA mode CA.
grant auto trustpoint
Specifies the CA trustpoint of another vendor from which the Cisco IOS certificate server automatically grants certificate enrollment requests.
grant none
Specifies all certificate requests to be rejected.
grant ra-auto
Specifies that all enrollment requests from an RA be granted automatically.
hash (cs-server)
Specifies the cryptographic hash function the Cisco IOS certificate server uses to sign certificates issued by the CA.
issuer-name
Specifies the DN as the CA issuer name for the CS.
lifetime (cs-server)
Specifies the lifetime of the CA or a certificate.
mode ra
Enters the PKI server into RA certificate server mode.
mode sub-cs
Enters the PKI server into sub-certificate server mode
redundancy (cs-server)
Specifies that the active CS is synchronized to the standby CS.
serial-number (cs-server)
Specifies whether the router serial number should be included in the certificate request.
show (cs-server)
Displays the PKI CS configuration.
shutdown (cs-server)
Allows a CS to be disabled without removing the configuration.
deadtime (server-group configuration)
To configure deadtime within the context of RADIUS server groups, use the deadtimecommand in server group configuration mode. To set deadtime to 0, use the no form of this command.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.1(1)T
This command was introduced.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS release 12.(33)SRA.
12.2SX
This command is supported in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX train. Support in a specific 12.2SX release of this train depends on your feature set, platform, and platform hardware.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command to configure the deadtime value of any RADIUS server group. The value of deadtime set in the server groups will override the server that is configured globally. If deadtime is omitted from the server group configuration, the value will be inherited from the master list. If the server group is not configured, the default value (0) will apply to all servers in the group.
When the RADIUS Server Is Marked As Dead
For Cisco IOS versions prior to 12.2(13.7)T, the RADIUS server will be marked as dead if a transaction is transmitted for the configured number of retransmits and a valid response is not received from the server within the configured timeout for any of the RADIUS packet transmissions.
For Cisco IOS versions 12.2(13.7)T and later, the RADIUS server will be marked as dead if both of the following conditions are met:
- A valid response has not been received from the RADIUS server for any outstanding transaction for at least the timeout period that is used to determine whether to retransmit to that server, and
- Across all transactions being sent to the RADIUS server, at least the requisite number of retransmits +1 (for the initial transmission) have been sent consecutively without receiving a valid response from the server with the requisite timeout.
def-domain
To specify the default domain for the client to use, use the def-domain command in IKEv2 authorization policy configuration mode. To disable, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Before using the def-domain command, you must first configure the crypto ikev2 authorization policy command. This value set in this command is sent to the client via the nonstandard Cisco unity configuration attribute.
default (cs-server)
To reset the value of the certificate server (CS) configuration subcommand to its default, use the defaultcommand in ca-trustpoint configuration mode.
Usage Guidelines
You must configure the crypto pki server command with the name of the certificate server in order to enter certificate server configuration mode and configure this command.
Examples
The following example shows how to remove the crlcommandfrom your configuration; the default of crl is off.
Router(cs-server)# default crlRelated Commands
Command
Description
auto-rollover
Enables the automated CA certificate rollover functionality.
cdp-url
Specifies a CDP to be used in certificates that are issued by the certificate server.
crl (cs-server)
Specifies the CRL PKI CS.
crypto pki server
Enables a CS and enters certificate server configuration mode, or immediately generates shadow CA credentials
database archive
Specifies the CA certificate and CA key archive format--and the password--to encrypt this CA certificate and CA key archive file.
database level
Controls what type of data is stored in the certificate enrollment database.
database url
Specifies the location where database entries for the CS is stored or published.
database username
Specifies the requirement of a username or password to be issued when accessing the primary database location.
grant auto rollover
Enables automatic granting of certificate reenrollment requests for a Cisco IOS subordinate CA server or RA mode CA.
grant auto trustpoint
Specifies the CA trustpoint of another vendor from which the Cisco IOS certificate server automatically grants certificate enrollment requests.
grant none
Specifies all certificate requests to be rejected.
grant ra-auto
Specifies that all enrollment requests from an RA be granted automatically.
hash (cs-server)
Specifies the cryptographic hash function the Cisco IOS certificate server uses to sign certificates issued by the CA.
issuer-name
Specifies the DN as the CA issuer name for the CS.
lifetime (cs-server)
Specifies the lifetime of the CA or a certificate.
mode ra
Enters the PKI server into RA certificate server mode.
mode sub-cs
Enters the PKI server into sub-certificate server mode
redundancy (cs-server)
Specifies that the active CS is synchronized to the standby CS.
serial-number (cs-server)
Specifies whether the router serial number should be included in the certificate request.
show (cs-server)
Displays the PKI CS configuration.
shutdown (cs-server)
Allows a CS to be disabled without removing the configuration.
default (ca-trustpoint)
To reset the value of a ca-trustpoint configuration subcommand to its default, use the defaultcommand in ca-trustpoint configuration mode.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.1(1)T
This command was introduced.
12.2(8)T
The command mode was changed from default (ca-root) to default (ca-trustpoint) to support the crypto ca trustpoint command and all related subcommands.
12.2(18)SXD
The default (ca-root) command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXD.
12.2(33)SRA
The default (ca-root) command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRA.
Usage Guidelines
Before you can configure this command, you must enable the crypto ca trustpointcommand , which enters ca-trustpoint configuration mode.
Use this command to reset the value of a ca-trustpoint configuration mode subcommand to its default.
NoteThe crypto ca trustpoint command deprecates the crypto ca identity and crypto ca trusted-root commands and all related subcommands (all ca-identity and trusted-root configuration mode commands). If you enter a ca-identity or trusted-root subcommand, the configuration mode and command will be written back as ca-trustpoint.
default (ca-trustpool)
To reset the value of a ca-trustpool configuration command to its default in the public key infrastructure (PKI) trustpool, use the default command in ca-trustpool configuration mode.
Usage Guidelines
Before you can configure this command, you must enable the crypto pki trustpool policy command, which enters ca-trustpool configuration mode.
Related Commands
Command
Description
cabundle url
Configures the URL from which the PKI trustpool CA bundle is downloaded.
chain-validation
Enables chain validation from the peer's certificate to the root CA certificate in the PKI trustpool.
crl
Specifes the CRL query and cache options for the PKI trustpool.
crypto pki trustpool import
Manually imports (downloads) the CA certificate bundle into the PKI trustpool to update or replace the existing CA bundle.
crypto pki trustpool policy
Configures PKI trustpool policy parameters.
match
Enables the use of certificate maps for the PKI trustpool.
ocsp
Specifies OCSP settings for the PKI trustpool.
revocation-check
Disables revocation checking when the PKI trustpool policy is being used.
show
Displays the PKI trustpool policy of the router in ca-trustpool configuration mode.
show crypto pki trustpool
Displays the PKI trustpool certificates of the router and optionally shows the PKI trustpool policy.
source interface
Specifies the source interface to be used for CRL retrieval, OCSP status, or the downloading of a CA certificate bundle for the PKI trustpool.
storage
Specifies a file system location where PKI trustpool certificates are stored on the router.
vrf
Specifies the VRF instance to be used for CRL retrieval.
default-group-policy
To associate a policy group with a SSL VPN context configuration, use the default-group-policy command in webvpn context configuration mode. To remove the policy group from the webvpn context configuration, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
The policy group command is first configured to define policy group configuration parameters. This command is configured to attach the policy group to the SSL VPN context when multiple policy groups are defined under the context. This policy will be used as the default unless an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server pushes an attribute that specifically requests another group policy.
Examples
The following example configures policy group ONE as the default policy group:
Router(config)# webvpn context context1 Router(config-webvpn-context)# policy-group ONE Router(config-webvpn-group)# exit Router(config-webvpn-context)# policy-group TWO Router(config-webvpn-group)# exit Router(config-webvpn-context)# default-group-policy ONEdeny
To set conditions in a named IP access list or object group access control list (OGACL) that will deny packets, use the deny configuration command in the appropriate configuration mode. To remove a deny condition from an IP access list or OGACL, use the no form of this command.
deny protocol { src-addr src-wildcard | object-group object-group-name | any | host { addr | name } } { dest-addr dest-wildcard | any | eq port | gt port | host { addr | name } | lt port | neq port | portgroup srcport-groupname | object-group dest-addr-groupname | range port | [ dscp type | fragments | option option | precedence precedence | log | log-input | time-range time-range-name | tos tos | ttl ttl-value ] }
no deny protocol { src-addr src-wildcard | object-group object-group-name | any | host { addr | name } } { dest-addr dest-wildcard | any | eq port | gt port | host { addr | name } | lt port | neq port | portgroup srcport-groupname | object-group dest-addr-groupname | range port | [ dscp type | fragments | option option | precedence precedence | log | log-input | time-range time-range-name | tos tos | ttl ttl-value ] }
Syntax Description
protocol
Name or number of a protocol; valid values are eigrp, gre, icmp, igmp, igrp, ip, ipinip, nos, ospf, tcp, or udp, or an integer in the range 0 to 255 representing an IP protocol number. To match any Internet protocol (including Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), TCP, and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), use the keyword ip. See the “Usage Guidelines” section for additional qualifiers.
src-addr
Number of the source network or host from which the packet is being sent in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format.
src-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to source network in four-part, dotted-decimal format. Place ones in the bit positions you want to ignore.
object-group object-group-name
Specifies the source or destination name of the object group.
any
Specifies any source or any destination host as an abbreviation for the source-addror destination-addr valueand the source-wildcard or destination-wildcard value of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
host addr
Specifies the source or destination address of a single host.
host name
Specifies the source or destination name of a single host.
tcp
Specifies the TCP protocol.
udp
Specifies the UDP protocol.
object-group source-addr-group-name
Specifies the source address group name.
destination-addr
Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format.
destination-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to the destination in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format. Place ones in the bit positions you want to ignore.
eq port
Matches only packets on a given port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
gt port
Matches only the packets with a greater port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
lt port
Matches only the packets with a lower port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
neq port
Matches only the packets that are not on a given port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
portgroup srcport-group-name
Specifies the source port object group name.
object-group dest-addr-group-name
Specifies the destination address group name.
portgroup destport-group-name
Specifies the destination port object group name.
dscp type
(Optional) Matches the packets with the given Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
fragments
(Optional) Applies the access list entry to noninitial fragments of packets; the fragment is either permitted or denied accordingly. For more details about the fragments keyword, see the “Access List Processing of Fragments” and “deny” sections in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
option option
(Optional) Matches the packets with the given IP options value number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
precedence precedence
(Optional) Specifies the precedence filtering level for packets; valid values are a number from 0 to 7 or by a name. See the “Usage Guidelines” section for a list of valid names.
log
(Optional) Causes an informational logging message about the packet that matches the entry to be sent to the console. (The level of messages logged to the console is controlled by the logging console command.)
The message for a standard list includes the access list number, whether the packet was permitted or denied, the source address, and the number of packets.
The message for an extended list includes the access list number; whether the packet was permitted or denied; the protocol; whether the protocol was TCP, UDP, ICMP, or a number; and, if appropriate, the source and destination addresses and source and destination port numbers.
For both standard and extended lists, the message is generated for the first packet that matches, and then at 5-minute intervals, including the number of packets permitted or denied in the prior 5-minute interval.
The logging facility might drop some logging message packets if there are too many to be handled or if there is more than one logging message to be handled in 1 second. This behavior prevents the router from reloading because of too many logging packets. Therefore, the logging facility should not be used as a billing tool or an accurate source of the number of matches to an access list.
log-input
(Optional) Matches the log against this entry, including the input interface.
time-range time-range-name
(Optional) Specifies a time-range entry name.
tos tos
(Optional) Specifies the service filtering level for packets; valid values are a number from 0 to 15 or by a name as listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
option option
(Optional) Matches packets with the IP options value; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for the valid values.
fragments
(Optional) Applies the access list entry to noninitial fragments of packets; the fragment is either permitted or denied accordingly. For more details about the fragments keyword, see the deny and “deny” sections in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
ttl ttl-value
(Optional) Matches packets with a given Time-to-live (ttl) value.
Command Default
There is no specific condition under which a packet is denied passing the access list.
Command Modes
Standard access-list configuration (config-std-nacl)
Extended access-list configuration (config-ext-nacl)Usage Guidelines
Use this command following the ip access-list command to specify conditions under which a packet cannot pass the access list.
The portgroup keyword appears only when you configure an extended ACL.
The address or object-group-name value is created using the object-group command.
The object-group object-group-namekeyword and argument allow you to create logical groups of users (or servers), which you can use to define access policy using ACLs. For example, with one ACL entry you can permit the object group named engineering to access all engineering servers. Otherwise, you would need one ACL entry for every person in the engineering group.
If the operator is positioned after the source-addr and source-wildcard values, it must match the source port.
If the operator is positioned after the destination-addr and destination-wildcard values, it must match the destination port.
If you are entering the port number of a TCP or UDP port, you can enter the decimal number or name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a number from 0 to 65535. TCP and UDP port names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command. TCP port names can be used only when filtering TCP. UDP port names can be used only when filtering UDP.
The valid values for the dscp type keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 63--Differentiated services code point value.
- af11 --Match packets with AF11 dscp (001010).
- af12 --Match packets with AF12 dscp (001100).
- af13 --Match packets with AF13 dscp (001110).
- af21 --Match packets with AF21 dscp (010010).
- af22 --Match packets with AF22 dscp (010100).
- af23 --Matches the patches with the AF23 dscp (010110).
- af31 --Matches the patches with the AF31 dscp (011010).
- af32 --Matches the patches with the AF32 dscp (011100).
- af33 --Matches the patches with the AF33 dscp (011110).
- af41 --Matches the patches with the AF41 dscp (100010).
- af42 --Matches the patches with the AF42 dscp (100100).
- af43 --Matches the patches with the AF43 dscp (100110).
- cs1 --Matches the patches with the CS1 (precedence 1) dscp (001000).
- cs2 --Matches the patches with the CS2 (precedence 2) dscp (010000).
- cs3 --Matches the patches with the CS3 (precedence 3) dscp (011000).
- cs4 --Matches the patches with the CS4 (precedence 4) dscp (100000).
- cs5 --Matches the patches with the CS5 (precedence 5) dscp (101000).
- cs6 --Matches the patches with the CS6 (precedence 6) dscp (110000).
- cs7 --Matches the patches with the CS7 (precedence 7) dscp (111000).
- default --Matches the patches with the default dscp (000000).
- ef --Matches the patches with the EF dscp (101110).
The valid values for the eq port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 65535--Port number.
- bgp --Border Gateway Protocol (179).
- chargen --Character generator (19).
- cmd --Remote commands (rcmd, 514).
- daytime --Daytime (13).
- discard --Discard (9).
- domain --Domain Name Service (53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- exec --Exec (rsh, 512).
- finger --Finger (79).
- ftp --File Transfer Protocol (21).
- ftp-data --FTP data connections (20).
- gopher --Gopher (70).
- hostname --NIC hostname server (101).
- ident --Ident Protocol (113).
- irc --Internet Relay Chat (194).
- klogin --Kerberos login (543).
- kshell --Kerberos shell (544).
- login --Login (rlogin, 513).
- lpd --Printer service (515).
- nntp --Network News Transport Protocol (119).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- pop2 --Post Office Protocol v2 (109).
- pop3 --Post Office Protocol v3 (110).
- smtp --Simple Mail Transport Protocol (25).
- sunrpc --Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --Syslog (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- telnet --Telnet (23).
- time --Time (37).
- uucp --Unix-to-Unix Copy Program (540).
- whois --Nicname (43).
- www --World Wide Web (HTTP, 80).
The valid values for the gt port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0-65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc--Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the lt port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0-65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc --Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the neg port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc --Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the option option keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 255--IP Options value.
- add-ext --Matches the packets with Address Extension Option (147).
- any-options --Matches the packets with ANY Option.
- com-security --Matches the packets with Commercial Security Option (134).
- dps --Matches the packets with Dynamic Packet State Option (151).
- encode --Matches the packets with Encode Option (15).
- eool --Matches the packets with End of Options (0).
- ext-ip --Matches the packets with the Extended IP Option (145).
- ext-security --Matches the packets with the Extended Security Option (133).
- imitd--Matches the packets with IMI Traffic Desriptor Option (144).
- lsr--Matches the packets with Loose Source Route Option (131).
- match-all--Matches the packets if all specified flags are present.
- match-any--Matches the packets if any specified flag is present.
- mtup--Matches the packets with MTU Probe Option (11).
- mtur--Matches the packets with MTU Reply Option (12).
- no-op--Matches the packets with No Operation Option (1).
- psh--Match the packets on the PSH bit.
- nsapa--Matches the packets with NSAP Addresses Option (150).
- reflect--Creates reflexive access list entry.
- record-route--Matches the packets with Record Route Option (7).
- rst--Matches the packets on the RST bit.
- router-alert--Matches the packets with Router Alert Option (148).
- sdb--Matches the packets with Selective Directed Broadcast Option (149).
- security--Matches the packets with Basic Security Option (130).
- ssr--Matches the packets with Strict Source Routing Option (137).
- stream-id--Matches the packets with Stream ID Option (136).
- syn--Match the packets on the SYN bit.
- timestamp --Matches the packets with the Time Stamp Option (68).
- traceroute --Matches the packets with the Trace Route Option (82).
- ump --Matches the packets with the Upstream Multicast Packet Option (152).
- visa --Matches the packets with the Experimental Access Control Option (142).
- zsu --Matches the packets with the Experimental Measurement Option (10).
The valid values for the tos value keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 15--Type of service value.
- max-reliability --Matches the packets with the maximum reliable ToS (2).
- max-throughput --Matches the packets with the maximum throughput ToS (4).
- min-delay --Matches the packets with the minimum delay ToS (8).
- min-monetary-cost --Matches packets with the minimum monetary cost ToS (1).
- normal --Matches the packets with the normal ToS (0).
Access List or OGACL Processing of Fragments
The behavior of access-list entries regarding the use or lack of the fragments keyword are summarized in the table below:
Be aware that you should not simply add the fragments keyword to every access list entry because the first fragment of the IP packet is considered a nonfragment and is treated independently of the subsequent fragments. An initial fragment will not match an access list permit or deny entry that contains the fragmentskeyword, the packet is compared to the next access list entry, and so on, until it is either permitted or denied by an access list entry that does not contain the fragments keyword. Therefore, you may need two access list entries for every deny entry. The first deny entry of the pair will not include the fragments keyword, and applies to the initial fragment. The second deny entry of the pair will include the fragments keyword and applies to the subsequent fragments. In the cases where there are multiple deny access-list entries for the same host but with different Layer 4 ports, a single deny access-list entry with the fragments keyword for that host is all that needs to be added. Thus all the fragments of a packet are handled in the same manner by the access list.
Packet fragments of IP datagrams are considered individual packets and each counts individually as a packet in access list accounting and access list violation counts.
NoteThe fragmentskeyword cannot solve all cases involving access lists and IP fragments.
Fragments and Policy Routing
Fragmentation and the fragment control feature affect policy routing if the policy routing is based on the match ip address command and the access list had entries that match on Layer 4 through 7 information. It is possible that noninitial fragments pass the access list and are policy routed, even if the first fragment was not policy routed or the reverse.
By using the fragments keyword in access list entries as described earlier, a better match between the action taken for initial and noninitial fragments can be made and it is more likely policy routing will occur as intended.
The portgroup srcport-groupname or portgroup destport-groupnamekeywords and arguments allow you to create an object group based on a source or destination group.
Examples
The following example creates an access list that denies all TCP packets:
Router> enable Router# configure terminalRouter(config)# ip access-list extended my_ogacl_policy
Router(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any
Router(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Router(config)# exit
Related Commands
Command
Description
ip access-group
Applies an ACL or OGACL to an interface or a service policy map.
ip access-list
Defines an IP access list or OGACL by name or number.
object-group network
Defines network object groups for use in OGACLs.
object-group service
Defines service object groups for use in OGACLs.
permit
Sets conditions in a named IP access list or OGACL that will permit packets.
show ip access-list
Displays the contents of IP access lists or OGACLs.
show object-group
Displays information about object groups that are configured.
deny (Catalyst 6500 series switches)
To set conditions for a named access list, use the deny configuration command in access-list configuration mode. To remove a deny condition from an access list, use the no form of this command.
deny protocol { src-addr src-wildcard | object-group object-group-name | any | host { addr | name } } { dest-addr dest-wildcard | any | eq port | gt port | host { addr | name } | lt port | neq port | portgroup srcport-groupname | object-group dest-addr-groupname | range port | [ dscp type | fragments | option option | precedence precedence | log | log-input | time-range time-range-name | tos tos | ttl ttl-value ] }
no deny protocol { src-addr src-wildcard | object-group object-group-name | any | host { addr | name } } { dest-addr dest-wildcard | any | eq port | gt port | host { addr | name } | lt port | neq port | portgroup srcport-groupname | object-group dest-addr-groupname | range port | [ dscp type | fragments | option option | precedence precedence | log | log-input | time-range time-range-name | tos tos | ttl ttl-value ] }
Syntax Description
protocol
Name or number of a protocol; valid values are eigrp, gre, icmp, igmp, igrp, ip, ipinip, nos, ospf, tcp, or udp, or an integer in the range 0 to 255 representing an IP protocol number. To match any Internet protocol (including Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), TCP, and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), use the keyword ip. See the “Usage Guidelines” section for additional qualifiers.
src-addr
Number of the source network or host from which the packet is being sent in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format.
src-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to source network in four-part, dotted-decimal format. Place ones in the bit positions you want to ignore.
object-group object-group-name
Specifies the source or destination name of the object group.
any
Specifies any source or any destination host as an abbreviation for the source-addror destination-addr valueand the source-wildcard or destination-wildcard value of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
host addr
Specifies the source or destination address of a single host.
host name
Specifies the source or destination name of a single host.
tcp
Specifies the TCP protocol.
udp
Specifies the UDP protocol.
object-group source-addr-group-name
Specifies the source address group name.
destination-addr
Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format.
destination-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to the destination in a 32-bit quantity in four-part, dotted-decimal format. Place ones in the bit positions you want to ignore.
eq port
Matches only packets on a given port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
gt port
Matches only the packets with a greater port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
lt port
Matches only the packets with a lower port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
neq port
Matches only the packets that are not on a given port number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
portgroup srcport-group-name
Specifies the source port object group name.
object-group dest-addr-group-name
Specifies the destination address group name.
portgroup destport-group-name
Specifies the destination port object group name.
dscp type
(Optional) Matches the packets with the given Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
fragments
(Optional) Applies the access list entry to noninitial fragments of packets; the fragment is either permitted or denied accordingly. For more details about the fragments keyword, see the “Access List Processing of Fragments” and “deny” sections in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
option option
(Optional) Matches the packets with the given IP options value number; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for valid values.
precedence precedence
(Optional) Specifies the precedence filtering level for packets; valid values are a number from 0 to 7 or by a name. See the “Usage Guidelines” section for a list of valid names.
log
(Optional) Causes an informational logging message about the packet that matches the entry to be sent to the console. (The level of messages logged to the console is controlled by the logging console command.)
The message for a standard list includes the access list number, whether the packet was permitted or denied, the source address, and the number of packets.
The message for an extended list includes the access list number; whether the packet was permitted or denied; the protocol; whether the protocol was TCP, UDP, ICMP, or a number; and, if appropriate, the source and destination addresses and source and destination port numbers.
For both standard and extended lists, the message is generated for the first packet that matches, and then at 5-minute intervals, including the number of packets permitted or denied in the prior 5-minute interval.
The logging facility might drop some logging message packets if there are too many to be handled or if there is more than one logging message to be handled in 1 second. This behavior prevents the router from reloading because of too many logging packets. Therefore, the logging facility should not be used as a billing tool or an accurate source of the number of matches to an access list.
log-input
(Optional) Matches the log against this entry, including the input interface.
time-range time-range-name
(Optional) Specifies a time-range entry name.
tos tos
(Optional) Specifies the service filtering level for packets; valid values are a number from 0 to 15 or by a name as listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
option option
(Optional) Matches packets with the IP options value; see the “Usage Guidelines” section for the valid values.
fragments
(Optional) Applies the access list entry to noninitial fragments of packets; the fragment is either permitted or denied accordingly. For more details about the fragments keyword, see the deny and “deny” sections in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
ttl ttl-value
(Optional) Matches packets with a given Time-to-live (ttl) value.
Command Default
There is no specific condition under which a packet is denied passing the named access list.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command following the ip access-list command to specify conditions under which a packet cannot pass the named access list.
The portgroup keyword appears only when you configure an extended ACL
The address or object-group-name value is created using the object-group command.
The addrgroup object-group-namekeyword and argument allow you to create logical groups of users (or servers), which you can use to define access policy using ACLs. For example, with one ACL entry you can permit the object group named engineering to access all engineering servers. Otherwise, you would need one ACL entry for every person in the engineering group.
If the operator is positioned after the source-addr and source-wildcard values, it must match the source port.
If the operator is positioned after the destination-addr and destination-wildcard values, it must match the destination port.
If you are entering the port number of a TCP or UDP port, you can enter the decimal number or name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a number from 0 to 65535. TCP and UDP port names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command. TCP port names can be used only when filtering TCP. UDP port names can be used only when filtering UDP.
The valid values for the dscp type keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 63--Differentiated services code point value.
- af11 --Match packets with AF11 dscp (001010).
- af12 --Match packets with AF12 dscp (001100).
- af13 --Match packets with AF13 dscp (001110).
- af21 --Match packets with AF21 dscp (010010).
- af22 --Match packets with AF22 dscp (010100).
- af23 --Matches the patches with the AF23 dscp (010110).
- af31 --Matches the patches with the AF31 dscp (011010).
- af32 --Matches the patches with the AF32 dscp (011100).
- af33 --Matches the patches with the AF33 dscp (011110).
- af41 --Matches the patches with the AF41 dscp (100010).
- af42 --Matches the patches with the AF42 dscp (100100).
- af43 --Matches the patches with the AF43 dscp (100110).
- cs1 --Matches the patches with the CS1(precedence 1) dscp (001000).
- cs2 --Matches the patches with the CS2(precedence 2) dscp (010000).
- cs3 --Matches the patches with the CS3(precedence 3) dscp (011000).
- cs4 --Matches the patches with the CS4(precedence 4) dscp (100000).
- cs5 --Matches the patches with the CS5(precedence 5) dscp (101000).
- cs6 --Matches the patches with the CS6(precedence 6) dscp (110000).
- cs7 --Matches the patches with the CS7(precedence 7) dscp (111000).
- default --Matches the patches with the default dscp (000000).
- ef --Matches the patches with the EF dscp (101110).
The valid values for the eq port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 65535--Port number.
- bgp --Border Gateway Protocol (179).
- chargen --Character generator (19).
- cmd --Remote commands (rcmd, 514).
- daytime --Daytime (13).
- discard --Discard (9).
- domain --Domain Name Service (53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- exec --Exec (rsh, 512).
- finger --Finger (79).
- ftp --File Transfer Protocol (21).
- ftp-data --FTP data connections (20).
- gopher --Gopher (70).
- hostname --NIC hostname server (101).
- ident --Ident Protocol (113).
- irc --Internet Relay Chat (194).
- klogin --Kerberos login (543).
- kshell --Kerberos shell (544).
- login --Login (rlogin, 513).
- lpd --Printer service (515).
- nntp --Network News Transport Protocol (119).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- pop2 --Post Office Protocol v2 (109).
- pop3 --Post Office Protocol v3 (110).
- smtp --Simple Mail Transport Protocol (25).
- sunrpc --Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --Syslog (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- telnet --Telnet (23).
- time --Time (37).
- uucp --Unix-to-Unix Copy Program (540).
- whois --Nicname (43).
- www --World Wide Web (HTTP, 80).
The valid values for the gt port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0-65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc--Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the lt port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0-65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc--Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the neg port keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 65535--Port number.
- biff --Biff (mail notification, comsat, 512).
- bootpc --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) client (68).
- bootps --Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) server (67).
- discard --Discard (9).
- dnsix --DNSIX security protocol auditing (195).
- domain --Domain Name Service (DNS, 53).
- echo --Echo (7).
- isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (500).
- mobile-ip --Mobile IP registration (434).
- nameserver --IEN116 name service (obsolete, 42).
- netbios-dgm --NetBios datagram service (138).
- netbios-ns --NetBios name service (137).
- netbios-ss --NetBios session service (139).
- non500-isakmp --Internet Security Association and Key Management Protoc (4500).
- ntp --Network Time Protocol (123).
- pim-auto-rp --PIM Auto-RP (496).
- rip --Routing Information Protocol (router, in.routed, 520).
- snmp --Simple Network Management Protocol (161).
- snmptrap --SNMP Traps (162).
- sunrpc --Sun Remote Procedure Call (111).
- syslog --System Logger (514).
- tacacs --TAC Access Control System (49).
- talk --Talk (517).
- tftp --Trivial File Transfer Protocol (69).
- time --Time (37).
- who --Who service (rwho, 513).
- xdmcp --X Display Manager Control Protocol (177).
The valid values for the option option keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 255--IP Options value.
- add-ext --Matches the packets with Address Extension Option (147).
- any-options --Matches the packets with ANY Option.
- com-security --Matches the packets with Commercial Security Option (134).
- dps --Matches the packets with Dynamic Packet State Option (151).
- encode --Matches the packets with Encode Option (15).
- eool --Matches the packets with End of Options (0).
- ext-ip --Matches the packets with the Extended IP Option (145).
- ext-security --Matches the packets with the Extended Security Option (133).
- imitd--Matches the packets with IMI Traffic Desriptor Option (144).
- lsr--Matches the packets with Loose Source Route Option (131).
- match-all--Matches the packets if all specified flags are present.
- match-any--Matches the packets if any specified flag is present.
- mtup--Matches the packets with MTU Probe Option (11).
- mtur--Matches the packets with MTU Reply Option (12).
- no-op--Matches the packets with No Operation Option (1).
- psh--Match the packets on the PSH bit.
- nsapa--Matches the packets with NSAP Addresses Option (150).
- reflect--Creates reflexive access list entry.
- record-route--Matches the packets with Record Route Option (7).
- rst--Matches the packets on the RST bit.
- router-alert--Matches the packets with Router Alert Option (148).
- sdb--Matches the packets with Selective Directed Broadcast Option (149).
- security--Matches the packets with Basic Security Option (130).
- ssr--Matches the packets with Strict Source Routing Option (137).
- stream-id--Matches the packets with Stream ID Option (136).
- syn--Match the packets on the SYN bit.
- timestamp --Matches the packets with the Time Stamp Option (68).
- traceroute --Matches the packets with the Trace Route Option (82).
- ump --Matches the packets with the Upstream Multicast Packet Option (152).
- visa --Matches the packets with the Experimental Access Control Option (142).
- zsu --Matches the packets with the Experimental Measurement Option (10).
The valid values for the tos value keyword and argument are as follows:
- 0 to 15--Type of service value.
- max-reliability --Matches the packets with the maximum reliable ToS (2).
- max-throughput --Matches the packets with the maximum throughput ToS (4).
- min-delay --Matches the packets with the minimum delay ToS (8).
- min-monetary-cost --Matches packets with the minimum monetary cost ToS (1).
- normal --Matches the packets with the normal ToS (0).
Access List Processing of Fragments
The behavior of access-list entries regarding the use or lack of the fragments keyword are summarized in the table below:
Table 2 Access list Processing of Fragments If the Access-List Entry Has...
Then...
...no fragments keyword (the default behavior), and assuming all of the access-list entry information matches,
For an access-list entry containing only Layer 3 information:
For an access list entry containing Layer 3 and Layer 4 information:
Note The deny statements are handled differently for noninitial fragments versus nonfragmented or initial fragments.
...the fragments keyword, and assuming all of the access-list entry information matches,
Be aware that you should not simply add the fragments keyword to every access list entry because the first fragment of the IP packet is considered a nonfragment and is treated independently of the subsequent fragments. An initial fragment will not match an access list permit or deny entry that contains the fragmentskeyword, the packet is compared to the next access list entry, and so on, until it is either permitted or denied by an access list entry that does not contain the fragments keyword. Therefore, you may need two access list entries for every deny entry. The first deny entry of the pair will not include the fragments keyword, and applies to the initial fragment. The second deny entry of the pair will include the fragments keyword and applies to the subsequent fragments. In the cases where there are multiple deny access-list entries for the same host but with different Layer 4 ports, a single deny access-list entry with the fragments keyword for that host is all that needs to be added. Thus all the fragments of a packet are handled in the same manner by the access list.
Packet fragments of IP datagrams are considered individual packets and each counts individually as a packet in access list accounting and access list violation counts.
NoteThe fragmentskeyword cannot solve all cases involving access lists and IP fragments.
Fragments and Policy Routing
Fragmentation and the fragment control feature affect policy routing if the policy routing is based on the match ip address command and the access list had entries that match on Layer 4 through 7 information. It is possible that noninitial fragments pass the access list and are policy routed, even if the first fragment was not policy routed or the reverse.
By using the fragments keyword in access list entries as described earlier, a better match between the action taken for initial and noninitial fragments can be made and it is more likely policy routing will occur as intended.
The portgroup srcport-groupname or portgroup destport-groupnamekeywords and arguments allow you to create an object group based on a source or destination group.
Examples
The following example creates an access list that denies all TCP packets:
Router(config)# ip access-list extended my-pbacl-policy
Router(config-ext-nacl)# deny tcp any any
Router(config-ext-nacl)# exit
Router(config)# exit
Related Commands
Command
Description
ip access-group
Controls access to an interface.
ip access-list
Defines an IP access list by name.
logging console
Limits messages logged to the console based on severity.
object-group
Defines object groups to optimize your configuration
permit (Catalyst 6500 series switches)
Sets conditions for a named IP access list.
show ip access-lists
Displays the contents of all current IP access lists.
deny (IP)
To set conditions in a named IP access list that will deny packets, use the deny command in access list configuration mode. To remove a deny condition from an access list, use the no form of this command.
[sequence-number] deny source [source-wildcard]
[sequence-number] deny protocol source source-wildcard destination destination-wildcard [ option option-name ] [ precedence precedence ] [ tos tos ] [ ttl operator value ] [log] [ time-range time-range-name ] [fragments]
no sequence-number
no deny source [source-wildcard]
no deny protocol source source-wildcard destination destination-wildcard
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
[sequence-number] deny icmp source source-wildcard destination destination-wildcard [ icmp-type [icmp-code] | icmp-message ] [ precedence precedence ] [ tos tos ] [ ttl operator value ] [log] [ time-range time-range-name ] [fragments]
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
[sequence-number] deny igmp source source-wildcard destination destination-wildcard [igmp-type] [ precedence precedence ] [ tos tos ] [ ttl operator value ] [log] [ time-range time-range-name ] [fragments]
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
[sequence-number] deny tcp source source-wildcard [ operator port [port] ] destination destination-wildcard [ operator [port] ] [ established { match-any | match-all } { + | - } flag-name | precedence precedence | tos tos | ttl operator value | log | time-range time-range-name | fragments ]
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
[sequence-number] deny udp source source-wildcard [ operator port [port] ] destination destination-wildcard [ operator [port] ] [ precedence precedence ] [ tos tos ] [ ttl operator value ] [log] [ time-range time-range-name ] [fragments]
Syntax Description
sequence-number
(Optional) Sequence number assigned to the deny statement. The sequence number causes the system to insert the statement in that numbered position in the access list.
source
Number of the network or host from which the packet is being sent. There are three alternative ways to specify the source:
source-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to the source . There are three alternative ways to specify the source wildcard:
protocol
Name or number of an Internet protocol. The protocol argument can be one of the keywords eigrp, gre, icmp, igmp, ip, ipinip, nos, ospf, tcp, or udp, or an integer in the range from 0 to 255 representing an Internet protocol number. To match any Internet protocol (including ICMP, TCP, and UDP), use the ipkeyword.
Note When the icmp, igmp, tcp, and udp keywords are entered, they must be followed with the specific command syntax that is shown for the ICMP, IGMP, TCP, and UDP forms of the deny command.
icmp
Denies only ICMP packets. When you enter the icmp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the ICMP form of the deny command.
igmp
Denies only IGMP packets. When you enter the igmp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the IGMP form of the deny command.
tcp
Denies only TCP packets. When you enter the tcp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the TCP form of the deny command.
udp
Denies only UDP packets. When you enter the udp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the UDP form of the deny command.
destination
Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent. There are three alternative ways to specify the destination:
destination-wildcard
Wildcard bits to be applied to the destination. There are three alternative ways to specify the destination wildcard:
- Use a 32-bit quantity in four-part dotted-decimal format. Place 1s in the bit positions that you want to ignore.
- Use the any keyword as an abbreviation for a destinationand destination-wildcard of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
- Use host destination as an abbreviation for a destinationand destination-wildcard of destination 0.0.0.0.
option option-name
(Optional) Packets can be filtered by IP Options, as specified by a number from 0 to 255 or by the corresponding IP Option name, as listed in the table in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
precedence precedence
(Optional) Packets can be filtered by precedence level, as specified by a number from 0 to 7 or by a name.
tos tos
(Optional) Packets can be filtered by type of service (ToS) level, as specified by a number from 0 to 15, or by a name as listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
ttl operator value
(Optional) Compares the TTL value in the packet to the TTL value specified in this deny statement.
- The operator can be lt (less than), gt (greater than), eq (equal), neq (not equal), or range (inclusive range).
- The value can range from 0 to 255.
- If the operator is range, specify two values separated by a space.
- For Release 12.0S, if the operator is eq or neq, only one TTL value can be specified.
- For all other releases, if the operator is eq or neq, as many as 10 TTL values can be specified, separated by a space. If the TTL in the packet matches just one of the possibly 10 values, the entry is considered to be matched.
log
(Optional) Causes an informational logging message about the packet that matches the entry to be sent to the console. (The level of messages logged to the console is controlled by the logging console command.)
time-range time-range-name
(Optional) Name of the time range that applies to this deny statement. The name of the time range and its restrictions are specified by the time-range and absolute or periodic commands, respectively.
fragments
(Optional) The access list entry applies to noninitial fragments of packets; the fragment is either permitted or denied accordingly. For more details about the fragments keyword, see the “deny (IP)” and “deny (IP)” sections in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
icmp-type
(Optional) ICMP packets can be filtered by ICMP message type. The type is a number from 0 to 255.
icmp-code
(Optional) ICMP packets that are filtered by ICMP message type can also be filtered by the ICMP message code. The code is a number from 0 to 255.
icmp-message
(Optional) ICMP packets can be filtered by an ICMP message type name or an ICMP message type and code name. The possible names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
igmp-type
(Optional) IGMP packets can be filtered by IGMP message type or message name. A message type is a number from 0 to 15. IGMP message names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
operator
(Optional) Compares source or destination ports. Operators include lt (less than), gt (greater than), eq (equal), neq (not equal), and range (inclusive range).
If the operator is positioned after the source and source-wildcard arguments, it must match the source port. If the operator is positioned after the destination and destination-wildcard arguments, it must match the destination port.
The range operator requires two port numbers. Up to ten port numbers can be entered for the eq (equal) and neq (not equal) operators. All other operators require one port number.
port
(Optional) The decimal number or name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a number from 0 to 65535. TCP and UDP port names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section of the access-list(IP extended) command.
TCP port names can be used only when filtering TCP. UDP port names can be used only when filtering UDP.
established
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Indicates an established connection. A match occurs if the TCP datagram has the ACK or RST bit set. The nonmatching case is that of the initial TCP datagram to form a connection.
Note The established keyword can be used only with the old command-line interface (CLI) format. To use the new CLI format, you must use the match-any or match-all keywords followed by the + or - keywords and flag-name argument.
match-any | match-all
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: A match occurs if the TCP datagram has certain TCP flags set or not set. You use the match-anykeyword to allow a match to occur if any of the specified TCP flags are present, or you can use the match-allkeyword to allow a match to occur only if all of the specified TCP flags are present. You must follow the match-anyand match-allkeywords with the +or -keyword and the flag-nameargument to match on one or more TCP flags.
+ | - flag-name
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: The + keyword allows IP packets if their TCP headers contain the TCP flags that are specified by the flag-name argument. The - keyword filters out IP packets that do not contain the TCP flags specified by the flag-name argument. You must follow the + and - keywords with the flag-name argument. TCP flag names can be used only when filtering TCP. Flag names for the TCP flags are as follows: urg, ack, psh, rst, syn, and fin.
Command Default
There are no specific conditions under which a packet is denied passing the named access list.
Command History
Release
Modification
11.2
This command was introduced.
12.0(1)T
The time-range time-range-namekeyword and argument were added.
12.0(11)
The fragmentskeyword was added.
12.2(13)T
The igrp keyword was removed because the IGRP protocol is no longer available in Cisco IOS software.
12.2(14)S
The sequence-numberargument was added.
12.2(15)T
The sequence-numberargument was added.
12.3(4)T
The option option-name keyword and argument were added. The match-any, match-all, +,and -keywords and the flag-name argument were added.
12.3(7)T
Command functionality was modified to allow up to ten port numbers to be added after the eq and neq operators so that an access list entry can be created with noncontiguous ports.
12.4(2)T
The ttl operator value keyword and arguments were added.
12.2(27)SBC
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(27)SBC.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRA.
12.2SX
This command is supported in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX train. Support in a specific 12.2SX release of this train depends on your feature set, platform, and platform hardware.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command following the ip access-list command to specify conditions under which a packet cannot pass the named access list.
The time-range keyword allows you to identify a time range by name. The time-range, absolute, and periodic commands specify when this deny statement is in effect.
log Keyword
A log message includes the access list number, whether the packet was permitted or denied; the protocol, whether it was TCP, UDP, ICMP, or a number; and, if appropriate, the source and destination addresses and source and destination port numbers. The message is generated for the first packet that matches, and then at 5-minute intervals, including the number of packets permitted or denied in the prior 5-minute interval.
Use the ip access-list log-update command to generate logging messages when the number of matches reaches a configurable threshold (rather than waiting for a 5-minute-interval). See the ip access-list log-update command for more information.
The logging facility might drop some logging message packets if there are too many to be handled or if there is more than one logging message to be handled in 1 second. This behavior prevents the router from crashing because of too many logging packets. Therefore, the logging facility should not be used as a billing tool or an accurate source of the number of matches to an access list.
If you enable Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) and then create an access list that uses the log keyword, the packets that match the access list are not CEF-switched. They are fast-switched. Logging disables CEF.
Access List Filtering of IP Options
Access control lists can be used to filter packets with IP Options to prevent routers from being saturated with spurious packets containing IP Options. To see a complete table of all IP Options, including ones currently not in use, refer to the latest Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) information that is available from its URL: www.iana.org.
Cisco IOS software allows you to filter packets according to whether they contain one or more of the legitimate IP Options by entering either the IP Option value or the corresponding name for the option-name argument as shown in the table below.
Table 3 IP Option Values and Names IP Option Value or Name
Description
0 to 255
IP Options values.
add-ext
Match packets with Address Extension Option (147).
any-options
Match packets with any IP Option.
com-security
Match packets with Commercial Security Option (134).
dps
Match packets with Dynamic Packet State Option (151).
encode
Match packets with Encode Option (15).
eool
Match packets with End of Options (0).
ext-ip
Match packets with Extended IP Options (145).
ext-security
Match packets with Extended Security Option (133).
finn
Match packets with Experimental Flow Control Option (205).
imitd
Match packets with IMI Traffic Descriptor Option (144).
lsr
Match packets with Loose Source Route Option (131).
mtup
Match packets with MTU Probe Option (11).
mtur
Match packets with MTU Reply Option (12).
no-op
Match packets with No Operation Option (1).
nsapa
Match packets with NSAP Addresses Option (150).
psh
Matches the packets on the PSH bit.
record-route
Match packets with Router Record Route Option (7).
reflect
Creates reflexive access list entry.
rst
Matches the packets on the RST bit.
router-alert
Match packets with Router Alert Option (148).
sdb
Match packets with Selective Directed Broadcast Option (149).
security
Match packets with Base Security Option (130).
ssr
Match packets with Strict Source Routing Option (137).
stream-id
Match packets with Stream ID Option (136).
syn
Matches the packets on the SYN bit.
timestamp
Match packets with Time Stamp Option (68).
Filtering IP Packets Based on TCP Flags
The access list entries that make up an access list can be configured to detect and drop unauthorized TCP packets by allowing only the packets that have very specific groups of TCP flags set or not set. Users can select any desired combination of TCP flags with which to filter TCP packets. Users can configure access list entries in order to allow matching on a flag that is set and on a flag that is not set. Use the + and - keywords with a flag name to specify that a match is made based on whether a TCP header flag has been set. Use the match-any and match-all keywords to allow the packet if any or all, respectively, of the flags specified by the + or - keyword and flag-name argument have been set or not set.
Access List Processing of Fragments
The behavior of access list entries regarding the use or lack of use of the fragments keyword can be summarized as follows:
If the Access-List Entry Has...
Then...
...no fragments keyword (the default behavior), and assuming all of the access-list entry information matches,
For an access list entry that contains only Layer 3 information:
For an access list entry that contains Layer 3 and Layer 4 information:
Note The deny statements are handled differently for noninitial fragments versus nonfragmented or initial fragments.
...the fragments keyword, and assuming all of the access-list entry information matches,
The access list entry is applied only to noninitial fragments. The fragments keyword cannot be configured for an access list entry that contains any Layer 4 information.
Be aware that you should not add the fragments keyword to every access list entry because the first fragment of the IP packet is considered a nonfragment and is treated independently of the subsequent fragments. An initial fragment will not match an access list permit or deny entry that contains the fragmentskeyword. The packet is compared to the next access list entry, and so on, until it is either permitted or denied by an access list entry that does not contain the fragments keyword. Therefore, you may need two access list entries for every deny entry. The first deny entry of the pair will not include the fragments keyword and applies to the initial fragment. The second deny entry of the pair will include the fragments keyword and applies to the subsequent fragments. In the cases in which there are multiple deny access list entries for the same host but with different Layer 4 ports, a single deny access list entry with the fragments keyword for that host is all that needs to be added. Thus all the fragments of a packet are handled in the same manner by the access list.
Packet fragments of IP datagrams are considered individual packets, and each counts individually as a packet in access list accounting and access list violation counts.
NoteThe fragmentskeyword cannot solve all cases that involve access lists and IP fragments.
Fragments and Policy Routing
Fragmentation and the fragment control feature affect policy routing if the policy routing is based on the match ip address command and the access list has entries that match on Layer 4 through 7 information. It is possible that noninitial fragments pass the access list and are policy-routed, even if the first fragment is not policy-routed.
By using the fragments keyword in access list entries as described earlier, a better match between the action taken for initial and noninitial fragments can be made, and it is more likely that policy routing will occur as intended.
Creating an Access List Entry with Noncontiguous Ports
For Cisco IOS Release 12.3(7)T and later releases, you can specify noncontiguous ports on the same access control entry, which greatly reduces the number of access list entries required for the same source address, destination address, and protocol. If you maintain large numbers of access list entries, we recommend that you consolidate them when possible by using noncontiguous ports. You can specify up to ten port numbers following the eq and neq operators.
Examples
The following example sets conditions for a standard access list named Internetfilter:
ip access-list standard Internetfilter deny 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 permit 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 ! (Note: all other access implicitly denied.)The following example denies HTTP traffic on Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.:
time-range no-http periodic weekdays 8:00 to 18:00 ! ip access-list extended strict deny tcp any any eq http time-range no-http ! interface ethernet 0 ip access-group strict inThe following example adds an entry with the sequence number 25 to extended IP access list 150:
ip access-list extended 150 25 deny ip host 172.16.3.3 host 192.168.5.34The following example removes the entry with the sequence number 25 from the extended access list example shown above:
no 25The following example sets a deny condition for an extended access list named filter2. The access list entry specifies that a packet cannot pass the named access list if it contains the Strict Source Routing IP Option, which is represented by the IP option value ssr.
ip access-list extended filter2 deny ip any any option ssrThe following example sets a deny condition for an extended access list named kmdfilter1. The access list entry specifies that a packet cannot pass the named access list if the RST and FIN TCP flags have been set for that packet:
ip access-list extended kmdfilter1 deny tcp any any match-any +rst +finThe following example shows several deny statements that can be consolidated into one access list entry with noncontiguous ports. The show access-lists command is entered to display a group of access list entries for the access list named abc.
Router# show access-lists abc Extended IP access list abc 10 deny tcp any eq telnet any eq 450 20 deny tcp any eq telnet any eq 679 30 deny tcp any eq ftp any eq 450 40 deny tcp any eq ftp any eq 679Because the entries are all for the same deny statement and simply show different ports, they can be consolidated into one new access list entry. The following example shows the removal of the redundant access list entries and the creation of a new access list entry that consolidates the previously displayed group of access list entries:
ip access-list extended abc no 10 no 20 no 30 no 40 deny tcp any eq telnet ftp any eq 450 679The following examples shows the creation of the consolidated access list entry:
Router# show access-lists abc Extended IP access list abc 10 deny tcp any eq telnet ftp any eq 450 679The following access list filters IP packets containing Type of Service (ToS) level 3 with TTL values 10 and 20. It also filters IP packets with a TTL greater than 154 and applies that rule to noninitial fragments. It permits IP packets with a precedence level of flash and a TTL not equal to 1, and sends log messages about such packets to the console. All other packets are denied.
ip access-list extended canton deny ip any any tos 3 ttl eq 10 20 deny ip any any ttl gt 154 fragments permit ip any any precedence flash ttl neq 1 logRelated Commands
Command
Description
absolute
Specifies an absolute time when a time range is in effect.
access-list (IP extended)
Defines an extended IP access list.
access-list (IP standard)
Defines a standard IP access list.
ip access-group
Controls access to an interface.
ip access-list
Defines an IP access list by name.
ip access-list log-update
Sets the threshold number of packets that cause a logging message.
ip access-list resequence
Applies sequence numbers to the access list entries in an access list.
ip options
Drops or ignores IP Options packets that are sent to the router.
logging console
Sends system logging (syslog) messages to all available TTY lines and limits messages based on severity.
match ip address
Distributes any routes that have a destination network number address that is permitted by a standard or extended access list, or performs policy routing on packets.
periodic
Specifies a recurring (weekly) time range for functions that support the time-range feature.
permit (IP)
Sets conditions under which a packet passes a named IP access list.
remark
Writes a helpful comment (remark) for an entry in a named IP access list.
show access-lists
Displays a group of access-list entries.
show ip access-list
Displays the contents of all current IP access lists.
time-range
Specifies when an access list or other feature is in effect.
deny (IPv6)
To set deny conditions for an IPv6 access list, use the deny command in IPv6 access list configuration mode. To remove the deny conditions, use the no form of this command.
deny protocol { source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host source-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] { destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host destination-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] [ dest-option-type [ doh-number | doh-type ] ] [ dscp value ] [ flow-label value ] [fragments] [hbh] [log] [log-input] [mobility] [ mobility-type [ mh-number | mh-type ] ] [routing] [ routing-type routing-number ] [ sequence value ] [ time-range name ] [undetermined-transport]
no deny protocol { source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host source-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] { destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host destination-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] [ dest-option-type [ doh-number | doh-type ] ] [ dscp value ] [ flow-label value ] [fragments] [hbh] [log] [log-input] [mobility] [ mobility-type [ mh-number | mh-type ] ] [routing] [ routing-type routing-number ] [ sequence value ] [ time-range name ] [undetermined-transport]
Internet Control Message Protocol
deny icmp { source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host source-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] { destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host destination-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] [ icmp-type [icmp-code] | icmp-message ] [ dest-option-type [ doh-number | doh-type ] ] [ dscp value ] [ flow-label value ] [fragments] [hbh] [log] [log-input] [mobility] [ mobility-type [ mh-number | mh-type ] ] [routing] [ routing-type routing-number ] [ sequence value ] [ time-range name ]
Transmission Control Protocol
deny tcp { source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host source-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] { destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host destination-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] [ack] [ dest-option-type [ doh-number | doh-type ] ] [ dscp value ] [established] [fin] [ flow-label value ] [fragments] [hbh] [log] [log-input] [mobility] [ mobility-type [ mh-number | mh-type ] ] [ neq { port | protocol } ] [psh] [ range { port | protocol } ] [routing] [ routing-type routing-number ] [rst] [ sequence value ] [syn] [ time-range name ] [urg]
User Datagram Protocol
deny udp { source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host source-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] { destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | any | host destination-ipv6-address | auth } [ operator [port-number] ] [ dest-option-type [ doh-number | doh-type ] ] [ dscp value ] [ flow-label value ] [fragments] [hbh] [log] [log-input] [mobility] [ mobility-type [ mh-number | mh-type ] ] [ neq { port | protocol } ] [ range { port | protocol } ] [routing] [ routing-type routing-number ] [ sequence value ] [ time-range name ]
Syntax Description
protocol
Name or number of an Internet protocol. It can be one of the keywords ahp, esp, icmp, ipv6, pcp, sctp, tcp, udp, or hbh, or an integer in the range from 0 to 255 representing an IPv6 protocol number.
source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length
The source IPv6 network or class of networks about which to set deny conditions.
This argument must be in the form documented in RFC 2373 where the address is specified in hexadecimal using 16-bit values between colons.
any
An abbreviation for the IPv6 prefix ::/0.
host source-ipv6-address
The source IPv6 host address about which to set deny conditions.
This source-ipv6-address argument must be in the form documented in RFC 2373 where the address is specified in hexadecimal using 16-bit values between colons.
operator [port-number]
(Optional) Specifies an operand that compares the source or destination ports of the specified protocol. Operands are lt (less than), gt (greater than), eq (equal), neq (not equal), and range (inclusive range).
If the operator is positioned after the source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length argument, it must match the source port.
If the operator is positioned after the destination-ipv6/prefix-length argument, it must match the destination port.
The range operator requires two port numbers. All other operators require one port number.
The optional port-number argument is a decimal number or the name of a TCP or UDP port. A port number is a number from 0 to 65535. TCP port names can be used only when filtering TCP. UDP port names can be used only when filtering UDP.
destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length
The destination IPv6 network or class of networks about which to set deny conditions.
This argument must be in the form documented in RFC 2373 where the address is specified in hexadecimal using 16-bit values between colons.
host destination-ipv6-address
The destination IPv6 host address about which to set deny conditions.
This destination-ipv6-address argument must be in the form documented in RFC 2373 where the address is specified in hexadecimal using 16-bit values between colons.
auth
Allows matching traffic against the presence of the authentication header in combination with any protocol.
dest-option-type
(Optional) Matches IPv6 packets against the hop-by-hop option extension header within each IPv6 packet header.
doh-number
(Optional) Integer in the range from 0 to 255 representing an IPv6 destination option extension header.
doh-type
(Optional) Destination option header types. The possible destination option header type and its corresponding doh-number value are home-address—201.
dscp value
(Optional) Matches a differentiated services code point value against the traffic class value in the Traffic Class field of each IPv6 packet header. The acceptable range is from 0 to 63.
flow-label value
(Optional) Matches a flow label value against the flow label value in the Flow Label field of each IPv6 packet header. The acceptable range is from 0 to 1048575.
fragments
(Optional) Matches non-initial fragmented packets where the fragment extension header contains a non-zero fragment offset. The fragments keyword is an option only if the operator [port-number] arguments are not specified.
hbh
(Optional) Specifies a hop-by-hop options header.
log
(Optional) Causes an informational logging message about the packet that matches the entry to be sent to the console. (The level of messages logged to the console is controlled by the logging console command.)
The message includes the access list name and sequence number, whether the packet was denied; the protocol, whether it was TCP, UDP, ICMP, or a number; and, if appropriate, the source and destination addresses and source and destination port numbers. The message is generated for the first packet that matches, and then at 5-minute intervals, including the number of packets denied in the prior 5-minute interval.
log-input
(Optional) Provides the same function as the log keyword, except that the logging message also includes the input interface.
mobility
(Optional) Extension header type. Allows matching of any IPv6 packet including a mobility header, regardless of the value of the mobility-header-type field within that header.
mobility-type
(Optional) Mobility header type. Either the mh-number or mh-type argument must be used with this keyword.
mh-number
(Optional) Integer in the range from 0 to 255 representing an IPv6 mobility header type.
mh-type
(Optional) Name of a mobility header type. Possible mobility header types and their corresponding mh-number value are as follows:
routing
(Optional) Matches source-routed packets against the routing extension header within each IPv6 packet header.
routing-type
(Optional) Allows routing headers with a value in the type field to be matched independently. The routing-number argument must be used with this keyword.
routing-number
Integer in the range from 0 to 255 representing an IPv6 routing header type. Possible routing header types and their corresponding routing-number value are as follows:
sequence value
(Optional) Specifies the sequence number for the access list statement. The acceptable range is from 1 to 4294967295.
time-range name
(Optional) Specifies the time range that applies to the deny statement. The name of the time range and its restrictions are specified by the time-range and absolute or periodic commands, respectively.
undetermined-transport
(Optional) Matches packets from a source for which the Layer 4 protocol cannot be determined. The undetermined-transport keyword is an option only if the operator [port-number] arguments are not specified.
icmp-type
(Optional) Specifies an ICMP message type for filtering ICMP packets. ICMP packets can be filtered by ICMP message type. The ICMP message type can be a number from 0 to 255, some of which include the following predefined strings and their corresponding numeric values:
icmp-code
(Optional) Specifies an ICMP message code for filtering ICMP packets. ICMP packets that are filtered by ICMP message type can also be filtered by the ICMP message code. The code is a number from 0 to 255.
icmp-message
(Optional) Specifies an ICMP message name for filtering ICMP packets. ICMP packets can be filtered by an ICMP message name or ICMP message type and code. The possible names are listed in the “Usage Guidelines” section.
ack
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: acknowledgment (ACK) bit set.
established
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Indicates an established connection. A match occurs if the TCP datagram has the ACK or RST bits set. The nonmatching case is that of the initial TCP datagram to form a connection.
fin
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Fin bit set; no more data from sender.
neq {port | protocol}
(Optional) Matches only packets that are not on a given port number.
psh
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Push function bit set.
range {port | protocol}
(Optional) Matches only packets in the range of port numbers.
rst
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Reset bit set.
syn
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Synchronize bit set.
urg
(Optional) For the TCP protocol only: Urgent pointer bit set.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.0(23)S
This command was introduced.
12.2(13)T
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(13)T.
12.2(14)S
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(14)S.
12.4(2)T
The icmp-type argument was enhanced. The dest-option-type, mobility, mobility-type, and routing-type keywords were added. The doh-number, doh-type, mh-number, mh-type, and routing-number arguments were added.
12.2(28)SB
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SB.
12.2(25)SG
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(25)SG.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRA.
12.2(33)SXH
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXH.
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
This command was introduced on Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Series Routers.
12.4(20)T
The auth keyword was added.
12.2(33)SRE
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRE.
15.2(3)T
This command was modified. Support was added for the hbh keyword.
15.1(1)SY
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 15.1(1)SY.
Cisco IOS XE Release 3.2SE
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS XE Release 3.2SE.
Usage Guidelines
The deny (IPv6) command is similar to the deny (IP) command, except that it is IPv6-specific.
Use the deny (IPv6) command following the ipv6 access-list command to define the conditions under which a packet passes the access list or to define the access list as a reflexive access list.
Specifying IPv6 for the protocol argument matches against the IPv6 header of the packet.
By 1default, the first statement in an access list is number 10, and the subsequent statements are numbered in increments of 10.
You can add permit, deny, remark, or evaluate statements to an existing access list without retyping the entire list. To add a new statement anywhere other than at the end of the list, create a new statement with an appropriate entry number that falls between two existing entry numbers to indicate where it belongs.
In Cisco IOS Release 12.2(2)T or later releases, 12.0(21)ST, and 12.0(22)S, IPv6 access control lists (ACLs) are defined and their deny and permit conditions are set by using the ipv6 access-list command with the deny and permit keywords in global configuration mode. In Cisco IOS Release 12.0(23)S or later releases, IPv6 ACLs are defined by using the ipv6 access-list command in global configuration mode and their permit and deny conditions are set by using the deny and permit commands in IPv6 access list configuration mode. Refer to the ipv6 access-list command for more information on defining IPv6 ACLs.
NoteIn Cisco IOS Release 12.0(23)S or later releases, every IPv6 ACL has implicit permit icmp any any nd-na, permit icmp any any nd-ns, and deny ipv6 any any statements as its last match conditions. (The former two match conditions allow for ICMPv6 neighbor discovery.) An IPv6 ACL must contain at least one entry for the implicit deny ipv6 any any statement to take effect. The IPv6 neighbor discovery process makes use of the IPv6 network layer service; therefore, by default, IPv6 ACLs implicitly allow IPv6 neighbor discovery packets to be sent and received on an interface. In IPv4, the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), which is equivalent to the IPv6 neighbor discovery process, makes use of a separate data link layer protocol; therefore, by default, IPv4 ACLs implicitly allow ARP packets to be sent and received on an interface.
Both the source-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length and destination-ipv6-prefix/prefix-length arguments are used for traffic filtering (the source prefix filters traffic based upon the traffic source; the destination prefix filters traffic based upon the traffic destination).
NoteIPv6 prefix lists, not access lists, should be used for filtering routing protocol prefixes.
The fragments keyword is an option only if the operator [port-number] arguments are not specified.
The undetermined-transport keyword is an option only if the operator [port-number] arguments are not specified.
The following is a list of ICMP message names:
- beyond-scope
- destination-unreachable
- echo-reply
- echo-request
- header
- hop-limit
- mld-query
- mld-reduction
- mld-report
- nd-na
- nd-ns
- next-header
- no-admin
- no-route
- packet-too-big
- parameter-option
- parameter-problem
- port-unreachable
- reassembly-timeout
- renum-command
- renum-result
- renum-seq-number
- router-advertisement
- router-renumbering
- router-solicitation
- time-exceeded
- unreachable
Examples
The following example configures the IPv6 access list named toCISCO and applies the access list to outbound traffic on Ethernet interface 0. Specifically, the first deny entry in the list keeps all packets that have a destination TCP port number greater than 5000 from exiting out of Ethernet interface 0. The second deny entry in the list keeps all packets that have a source UDP port number less than 5000 from exiting out of Ethernet interface 0. The second deny also logs all matches to the console. The first permit entry in the list permits all ICMP packets to exit out of Ethernet interface 0. The second permit entry in the list permits all other traffic to exit out of Ethernet interface 0. The second permit entry is necessary because an implicit deny all condition is at the end of each IPv6 access list.
ipv6 access-list toCISCO deny tcp any any gt 5000 deny ::/0 lt 5000 ::/0 log permit icmp any any permit any any interface ethernet 0 ipv6 traffic-filter toCISCO outThe following example shows how to allow TCP or UDP parsing although an IPsec AH is present:
IPv6 access list example1 deny tcp host 2001::1 any log sequence 5 permit tcp any any auth sequence 10 permit udp any any auth sequence 20Related Commands
Command
Description
ipv6 access-list
Defines an IPv6 access list and enters IPv6 access list configuration mode.
ipv6 traffic-filter
Filters incoming or outgoing IPv6 traffic on an interface.
permit (IPv6)
Sets permit conditions for an IPv6 access list.
show ipv6 access-list
Displays the contents of all current IPv6 access lists.
deny (MAC ACL)
To set conditions for a MAC access list, use the deny command in MAC access-list extended configuration mode. To remove a condition from an access list, use the no form of this command.
deny { src_mac_mask | host name src_mac_name | any } { dest_mac_mask | host name dst_mac_name | any } [ { protocol_keyword | ethertype_number ethertype_mask } [ vlan vlan_ID ] [ cos cos_value ] ]
no deny { src_mac_mask | host name src_mac_name | any } { dest_mac_mask | host name dst_mac_name | any } [ { protocol_keyword | ethertype_number ethertype_mask } [ vlan vlan_ID ] [ cos cos_value ] ]
Syntax Description
src_mac_mask
Specifies the MAC address mask that identifies a selected block of source MAC addresses. A value of 1 represents a wildcard in that position.
host name src_mac_name
Specifies a source host that has been named using the mac host name command.
any
Specifies any source or any destination host as an abbreviation for the src_mac_maskor dest_mac_maskvalue of 1111.1111.1111, which declares all digits to be wildcards .
dest_mac_mask
Specifies the MAC address mask that identifies a selected block of destination MAC addresses.
host name dst_mac_name
Specifies a destination host that has been named using the mac host name command.
protocol_keyword
(Optional) Specifies a named protocol (for example, ARP).
ethertype_number
(Optional) The EtherType number specifies the protocol within the Ethernet packet.
ethertype_mask
(Optional) The EtherType mask allows a range of EtherTypes to be specified together. This is a hexadecimal number from 0 to FFFF. An EtherType mask of 0 requires an exact match of the EtherType.
vlan vlan_ID
(Optional) Specifies a VLAN.
cos cos_value
(Optional) Specifies the Layer 2 priority level for packets. The range is from 0 to 7.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command following the ip access-list command to define the conditions under which a packet passes the access list.
- The vlan and cos keywords are not supported in MAC ACLs used for VACL filtering.
- The vlan keyword for VLAN-based QoS filtering in MAC ACLs can be globally enabled or disabled and is disabled by default.
- Enter MAC addresses as three 2-byte values in dotted hexadecimal format. For example, 0123.4567.89ab.
- Enter MAC address masks as three 2-byte values in dotted hexadecimal format. Use 1 bits as wildcards. For example, to match an address exactly, use 0000.0000.0000 (can be entered as 0.0.0).
- An entry without a protocol parameter matches any protocol.
- Enter an EtherType and an EtherType mask as hexadecimal values from 0 to FFFF.
- 0x0600--xns-idp--Xerox XNS IDP
- 0x0BAD--vines-ip--Banyan VINES IP
- 0x0baf--vines-echo--Banyan VINES Echo
- 0x6000--etype-6000--DEC unassigned, experimental
- 0x6001--mop-dump--DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Dump/Load Assistance
- 0x6002--mop-console--DEC MOP Remote Console
- 0x6003--decnet-iv--DEC DECnet Phase IV Route
- 0x6004--lat--DEC Local Area Transport (LAT)
- 0x6005--diagnostic--DEC DECnet Diagnostics
- 0x6007--lavc-sca--DEC Local-Area VAX Cluster (LAVC), SCA
- 0x6008--amber--DEC AMBER
- 0x6009--mumps--DEC MUMPS
- 0x0800--ip--Malformed, invalid, or deliberately corrupt IP frames
- 0x8038--dec-spanning--DEC LANBridge Management
- 0x8039--dsm--DEC DSM/DDP
- 0x8040--netbios--DEC PATHWORKS DECnet NETBIOS Emulation
- 0x8041--msdos--DEC Local Area System Transport
- 0x8042--etype-8042--DEC unassigned
- 0x809B--appletalk--Kinetics EtherTalk (AppleTalk over Ethernet)
- 0x80F3--aarp--Kinetics AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)
Examples
This example shows how to create a MAC-Layer ACL named mac_layer that denies dec-phase-iv traffic with source address 0000.4700.0001 and destination address 0000.4700.0009, but allows all other traffic:
Router(config)# mac access-list extended mac_layer Router(config-ext-macl)# deny 0000.4700.0001 0.0.0 0000.4700.0009 0.0.0 dec-phase-iv Router(config-ext-macl)# permit any anydeny (WebVPN)
To set conditions in a named Secure Sockets Layer Virtual Private Network (SSL VPN) access list that will deny packets, use the deny command in webvpn acl configuration mode. To remove a deny condition from an access list, use the no form of this command.
deny [ url [ any | url-string ] ] [ ip | tcp | udp | http | https | cifs ] [ any | source-ip source-mask ] [ any | destination-ip destination-mask ] [ time-range time-range-name ] [syslog]
no deny url [ any | url-string ] [ ip | tcp | udp | http | https | cifs ] [ any | source-ip source-mask ] [ any | destination-ip destination-mask ] [ time-range time-range-name ] [syslog]
Syntax Description
url
(Optional) Filtering rules are applied to the URL.
- Use the any keyword as an abbreviation for any URL.
url-string
(Optional) URL string defined as follows: scheme://host[:port][/path]
- scheme --Can be HTTP, Secure HTTPS (HTTPS), or Common Internet File System (CIFS). This field is required in the URL string.
- host --Can be a hostname or a host IP (host mask). The host can have one wildcard (*).
- port --Can be any valid port number (1-65535). It is possible to have multiple port numbers separated by a comma (,). The port range is expressed using a dash (-).
- path --Can be any valid path string. In the path string, the $user is translated to the current user name.
ip
(Optional) Denies only IP packets. When you enter the ip keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the IP form of the deny command.
tcp
(Optional) Denies only TCP packets. When you enter the tcp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the TCP form of the deny command.
udp
(Optional) Denies only UDP packets. When you enter the udp keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the UDP form of the deny command.
http
(Optional) Denies only HTTP packets. When you enter the http keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the HTTP form of the deny command.
https
(Optional) Denies only HTTPS packets. When you enter the https keyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the HTTPS form of the deny command.
cifs
(Optional) Denies only CIFS packets. When you enter the cifskeyword, you must use the specific command syntax shown for the CIFS form of the deny command.
source-ip source-mask
(Optional) Number of the network or host from which the packet is being sent. There are three alternative ways to specify the source:
- Use a 32-bit quantity in four-part dotted-decimal format.
- Use the any keyword as an abbreviation for a source and source mask of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
- Use host source as an abbreviation for a source and source-wildcard of source 0.0.0.0.
destination-ip destination-mask
(Optional) Number of the network or host to which the packet is being sent. There are three alternative ways to specify the destination:
- Use a 32-bit quantity in four-part dotted-decimal format.
- Use the any keyword as an abbreviation for a source and source mask of 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255.
- Use host source as an abbreviation for a source and source-wildcard of source 0.0.0.0.
time-range time-range-name
(Optional) Name of the time range that applies to this deny statement. The name of the time range and its restrictions are specified by the time-range and absolute or periodic commands, respectively.
syslog
(Optional) System logging messages are generated.
Command Default
There are no specific conditions under which a packet is denied passing the named access list.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command following the acl command to specify conditions under which a packet cannot pass the named access list.
The time-range keyword allows you to identify a time range by name. The time-range, absolute, and periodic commands specify when this deny statement is in effect.
Examples
The following example shows that all packets from the URL “https://10.168.2.228:34,80-90,100-/public” will be denied:
webvpn context context1 acl acl1deny url “https://10.168.2.228:34,80-90,100-/public”
Related Commands
Command
Description
absolute
Specifies an absolute time for a time range.
periodic
Specifies a recurring (weekly) time range for functions that support the time-range feature.
permit (webvpn acl)
Sets conditions to allow a packet to pass a named SSL VPN access list.
time-range
Enables time-range configuration mode and defines time ranges for functions (such as extended access lists).
description (dot1x credentials)
To specify a description for an 802.1X profile, use the description command in dot1x credentials configuration mode. To remove the description, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Before using this command, the dot1x credentials command must have been configured.
An 802.1X credential structure is necessary when configuring a supplicant (client). This credentials structure may contain a username, password, and description.
Examples
The following example shows which credentials profile should be used when configuring a supplicant, and it provides a description of the credentials profile:
dot1x credentials basic-user username router password secret description This credentials profile should be used for most configured portsThe credentials structure can be applied to an interface, along with the dot1x pae supplicant command and keyword, to enable supplicant functionality on that interface.
interface fastethernet 0/1 dot1x credentials basic-userdot1x pae supplicant
description (identify zone)
To enter a description of a zone, use the description command in security zone configuration mode. To remove the description of the zone, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
You can use this subcommand after entering the zone security or zone-pair securitycommand.
description (identity policy)
To enter a description for an identity policy, use the description command in identity policy configuration mode. To remove the description, use the no form of this command.
description (identity profile)
To enter a description for an identity profile, use the description command in identity profile configuration mode. To remove the description of the identity profile, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
The identity profilecommand and one of its keywords (default, dot1x, or eapoudp) must be entered in global configuration mode before the description command can be used.
description (IKEv2 keyring)
To add the description of an Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) peer or profile, use the description command in the IKEv2 keyring peer configuration mode. To delete the description, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command to provide a descriptive line about the IKEv2 peer, peer group, or profile.
Examples
The following example shows that the description “connection from site A” has been added to an IKEv2 peer:
Router(config)# crypto ikev2 keyring keyr 1 Router(configikev2-keyring)# peer peer1 Router(config-ikev2-keyring-peer)# description connection from site ARelated Commands
Command
Description
address (ikev2 keyring)
Specifies the IPv4 address or the range of the peers in IKEv2 keyring.
crypto ikev2 keyring
Defines an IKEv2 keyring.
hostname (ikev2 keyring)
Specifies the hostname for the peer in the IKEv2 keyring.
identity (ikev2 keyring)
Identifies the peer with IKEv2 types of identity.
peer
Defines a peer or a peer group for the keyring.
pre-shared-key (ikev2 keyring)
Defines a preshared key for the IKEv2 peer.
description (isakmp peer)
To add the description of an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) peer, use the description command in ISAKMP peer configuration mode. To delete the description, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
IKE peers that “sit” behind a Network Address Translation (NAT) device cannot be uniquely identified; therefore, they have to share the same peer description.
destination host
To configure the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a Diameter peer, use the destination hostcommand in diameter peer configuration submode. To disable the configured FQDN, use the no form of this command.
destination realm
To configure the destination realm of a Diameter peer, use the destination realmcommand in diameter peer configuration submode. To disable the configured realm, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
The realm might be added by the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) client when sending a request to AAA. However, if the client does not add the attribute, then the value configured while in Diameter peer configuration submode is used when sending messages to the destination Diameter peer. If a value is not configured while in Diameter peer configuration submode, the value specified by the diameter destination realmglobal configuration command is used.
device (identity profile)
To statically authorize or reject individual devices, use the device command in identity profile configuration mode. To disable the authorization or rejection, use the no form of this command.
device { authorize { ip address ip-address policy policy-name | mac-address mac-address | type { cisco | ip | phone } } | not-authorize }
no device { authorize { ip address ip-address policy policy-name | mac-address mac-address | type { cisco | ip | phone } } | not-authorize }
Syntax Description
authorize
Configures an authorized device.
ip address
Specifies a device by its IP address.
ip-address
The IP address.
policy
Applies an associated policy with the device.
policy-name
Name of the policy.
mac-address
Specifies a device by its MAC address.
mac-address
The MAC address.
type
Specifies a device by its type.
cisco
Specifies a Cisco device.
ip
Specifies an IP device.
phone
Specifies a Cisco IP phone.
not-authorize
Configures an unauthorized device.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.3(2)XA
This command was introduced.
12.3(4)T
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.3(4)T.
12.3(8)T
The unauthorize keyword was changed to not authorize. The cisco-device argument was deleted. The ip address keyword and ip-address argument were added. The ip and phone keywords were added.
12.2(33)SXI
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXI.
Usage Guidelines
The identity profilecommand and default, dot1x, or eapoudp keywords must be entered in global configuration mode before the device command can be used.
Examples
The following configuration example defines an identity profile for Extensible Authentication Protocol over User Datagram Protocol (EAPoUDP) to statically authorize host 192.168.1.3 with "policyname1" as the associated identity policy:
Router(config)# identity profile eapoudp Router(config-identity-prof)# device authorize ip-address 192.168.1.3 policy policyname1device-role
To specify the role of the device attached to the port, use the device-role command in neighbor discovery (ND) inspection policy configuration mode or router advertisement (RA) guard policy configuration mode.
Command Modes
ND inspection policy configuration (config-nd-inspection)RA guard policy configuration (config-ra-guard)
Usage Guidelines
The device-role command specifies the role of the device attached to the port. By default, the device role is host, and therefore all the inbound router advertisement and redirect messages are blocked. If the device role is enabled using the router keyword, all messages (router solicitation [RS], router advertisement [RA], or redirect) are allowed on this port.
When the router or monitor keyword is used, the multicast RS messages are bridged on the port, regardless of whether limited broadcast is enabled. However, the monitor keyword does not allow inbound RA or redirect messages. When the monitor keyword is used, devices that need these messages will receive them.
NoteWith the introduction of Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4)S1, the trusted port has precedence over the device role for accepting RAs over a port to the router. Prior to this release, the device role router had precedence over the trusted port. The device role of the router still needs to be configured in order for the RS to be sent over the port.
Examples
The following example defines a Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) policy name as policy1, places the device in ND inspection policy configuration mode, and configures the device as the host:
Router(config)# ipv6 nd inspection policy policy1 Router(config-nd-inspection)# device-role hostThe following example defines an RA guard policy name as raguard1, places the device in RA guard policy configuration mode, and configures the device as the host:
Router(config)# ipv6 nd raguard policy raguard1 Router(config-ra-guard)# device-role hostdevice-sensor accounting
To add device sensor protocol data to accounting records and to generate accounting events when new sensor data is detected, use the device-sensor accounting command in global configuration mode. To disable adding device sensor protocol data to accounting records and to disable generating accounting events, use the no form of this command.
Command Default
The device sensor protocol data is added to the accounting records and accounting events are generated when new sensor data is detected.
Usage Guidelines
The device sensor is used to glean endpoint information from Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP), and DHCP messages and make this information available to registered clients in the context of an access session. You can use the device-sensor accounting command to include the data gleaned by the device sensor in RADIUS accounting messages.
device-sensor filter-list cdp
To create a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of Type-Length-Value (TLV) fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output, use the device-sensor filter-list cdp command in global configuration mode. To remove the Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing the list of TLV fields, use the no form of this command.
device-sensor filter-list cdp list tlv-list-name
no device-sensor filter-list cdp list tlv-list-name
Usage Guidelines
Use the device-sensor filter-list cdp list tlv-list-name command to configure the name of the Cisco Discovery Protocol TLV filter list and enter Cisco Discovery Protocol sensor configuration mode. You can configure the list of TLVs in Cisco Discovery Protocol sensor configuration mode using the tlv {name tlv-name | number tlv-number} command. Use the name tlv-name keyword-argument pair to specify the name of the TLV. Enter ? for querying the available TLV names. Use the number tlv-name keyword-argument pair to specify the TLV number to be added to the Cisco Discovery Protocol TLV filter list.
Use the no tlv {name tlv-name | number tlv-number} command to remove individual TLVs from the Cisco Discovery Protocol TLV filter list.
Use the no device-sensor filter-list cdp list tlv-list-name command to remove the entire TLV list containing all the TLVs.
Examples
The following example shows how to create a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of TLVs:
Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# device-sensor filter-list cdp list cdp-list Device(config-sensor-cdplist)# tlv name address-type Device(config-sensor-cdplist)# tlv name device-name Device(config-sensor-cdplist)# tlv number 34 Device(config-sensor-cdplist)# endRelated Commands
Command
Description
debug device-sensor
Enables debugging for the device sensor.
device-sensor accounting
Adds the device sensor protocol data to accounting records and generates additional accounting events when new sensor data is detected.
device-sensor filter-list dhcp
Creates a DHCP filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list lldp
Creates an LLDP filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
show device-sensor cache
Displays device sensor cache entries.
device-sensor filter-list dhcp
To create a DHCP filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output, use the device-sensor filter-list dhcp command in global configuration mode. To remove the DHCP filter containing the list of options, use the no form of this command.device-sensor filter-list dhcp list option-list-name
no device-sensor filter-list dhcp list option-list-name
Usage Guidelines
Use the device-sensor filter-list dhcp list option-list-name command to configure the name of the DHCP options filter list and enter into DHCP sensor configuration mode. You can configure the list of options in DHCP sensor configuration mode using the option {name option-name | number option-number} command. Use the name option-name keyword-argument pair to specify the name of the TLV. Enter ? for querying the available TLV names. Use the number option-name keyword-argument pair to specify the TLV number to be added to the DHCP options filter list.
Use the no option {name option-name | number option-number} command to remove individual options from the DHCP options filter list.
Use the no device-sensor filter-list dhcp list option-list-name command to remove the entire TLV list containing all the TLVs.
Examples
The following example shows how to create a DHCP filter containing a list of options:
Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# device-sensor filter-list dhcp list dhcp-list Device(config-sensor-dhcplist)# option name address-type Device(config-sensor-dhcplist)# option name device-name Device(config-sensor-dhcplist)# option number 34 Device(config-sensor-dhcplist)# endRelated Commands
Command
Description
debug device-sensor
Enables debugging for the device sensor.
device-sensor accounting
Adds the device sensor protocol data to accounting records and generates additional accounting events when new sensor data is detected.
device-sensor filter-list cdp
Creates a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list lldp
Creates an LLDP filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
show device-sensor cache
Displays device sensor cache entries.
device-sensor filter-list lldp
To create a Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) filter containing a list of Type-Length-Value (TLV) fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output, use the device-sensor filter-list lldp command in global configuration mode. To remove the LLDP filter containing the list of TLV fields, use the no form of this command.device-sensor filter-list lldp list tlv-list-name
no device-sensor filter-list lldp list tlv-list-name
Usage Guidelines
Use the device-sensor filter-list lldp list tlv-list-name command to configure the name of the LLDP TLV filter list and enter LLDP sensor configuration mode. You can configure the list of TLVs in LLDP sensor configuration mode using the tlv {name tlv-name | number tlv-number} command. Use the name tlv-name keyword-argument pair to specify the name of the TLV. Enter ? for querying the available TLV names. Use the number tlv-name keyword-argument pair to specify the TLV number to be added to the LLDP TLV filter list.
Use the no tlv {name tlv-name | number tlv-number} command to remove individual TLVs from the LLDP TLV filter list.
Use the no device-sensor filter-list lldp list tlv-list-name command to remove the entire TLV list containing all the TLVs.
Examples
The following example shows how to create an LLDP filter containing a list of TLVs:
Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# device-sensor filter-list lldp list lldp-list Device(config-sensor-lldplist)# tlv name address-type Device(config-sensor-lldplist)# tlv name device-name Device(config-sensor-lldplist)# tlv number 34 Device(config-sensor-lldplist)# endRelated Commands
Command
Description
debug device-sensor
Enables debugging for the device sensor.
device-sensor accounting
Adds the device sensor protocol data to accounting records and generates additional accounting events when new sensor data is detected.
device-sensor filter-list cdp
Creates a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list dhcp
Creates a DHCP filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
show device-sensor cache
Displays device sensor cache entries.
device-sensor filter-spec
To apply a specific protocol filter containing a list of Type-Length-Value (TLV) fields to the device sensor output, use the device-sensor filter-spec command in global configuration mode. To remove the protocol filter list from the device sensor output, use the no form of this command.
device-sensor filter-spec { cdp | dhcp | lldp} { exclude { all | list list-name} | include list list-name}
no device-sensor filter-spec { cdp | dhcp | lldp} { exclude { all | list list-name} | include list list-name}
Syntax Description
cdp
Applies a Cisco Discovery Protocol TLV filter list to the device sensor output.
dhcp
Applies a DHCP TLV filter list to the device sensor output.
lldp
Applies a Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) TLV filter list to the device sensor output.
exclude
Specifies the TLVs that should be excluded from the device sensor output.
all
Disables all notifications for the associated protocol.
list list-name
Specifies the name of the protocol TLV filter list.
include
Specifies the TLVs that should be included in the device sensor output.
Usage Guidelines
Use the device-sensor filter-spec command to specify the TLVs that must be included in all sensor outputs (session notifications sent to internal sensor clients and accounting requests).
Certain TLVs and message types such as DISCOVER, OFFER, REQUEST, ACK, and IP addresses are excluded because they are used as transport for higher layer protocols and will change frequently without conveying any useful information about the endpoint.
OFFER messages will also be ignored as they may be received from multiple servers and will not convey any useful endpoint data.
Examples
The following example shows how to apply a Cisco Discovery Protocol TLV filter list to the device sensor output:
Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# device-sensor filter-spec cdp include list cdp-list1 Device(config)# end
Command
Description
debug device-sensor
Enables debugging for device sensor.
device-sensor accounting
Adds the device sensor protocol data to accounting records and generates additional accounting events when new sensor data is detected.
device-sensor filter-list cdp
Creates a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list dhcp
Creates a DHCP filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list lldp
Creates an LLDP filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
show device-sensor cache
Displays device sensor cache entries.
device-sensor notify
To enable client notifications and accounting events for Type-Length-Value (TLV) changes, use the device-sensor notify command in global configuration mode. To disable client notifications and accounting events for TLV changes, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
By default, for each supported peer protocol, client notifications and accounting events will be generated only when an incoming packet includes a TLV that was not previously received in the context of a given session.
To enable client notifications and accounting events for all TLV changes, where either a new TLV has been received or a previously received TLV was received with a different value, use the device-sensor notify all-changes command.
To return to the default behavior, use the device-sensor notify new-tlvs or the default device-sensor notify command.
Examples
The following example shows how to enable client notifications and accounting events for all TLV changes:
Device> enable Device# configure terminal Device(config)# device-sensor notify all-changes Device(config)# endRelated Commands
Command
Description
debug device-sensor
Enables debugging for device sensor.
device-sensor accounting
Adds the device sensor protocol data to accounting records and generates additional accounting events when new sensor data is detected.
device-sensor filter-list cdp
Creates a Cisco Discovery Protocol filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list dhcp
Creates a DHCP filter containing a list of options that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
device-sensor filter-list lldp
Creates an LLDP filter containing a list of TLV fields that can be included or excluded in the device sensor output.
show device-sensor cache
Displays device sensor cache entries.
dhcp (IKEv2)
To assign an IP address to the remote access client using a DHCP server, use the dhcpcommand in IKEv2 authorization policy configuration mode. To remove the assigned IP address, use the no form of this command.
dhcp { giaddr ip-address | server { ip-address | hostname } | timeout seconds }
no dhcp { giaddr | server | timeout }
Syntax Description
giaddr ip-address
Specifies the gateway IP address (giaddr).
server
Specifies addresses for the DHCP server.
ip-address
IP address of the DHCP server.
hostname
Hostname of the DHCP server. The hostname is resolved during configuration.
timeout seconds
Specifies the wait time in seconds before the next DHCP server in the list is tried.
Usage Guidelines
If this command is not configured, an IP address is assigned to a remote device using either a local pool that is configured on a device or a framed IP address attribute that is defined in RADIUS.
Note
You can specify only one DHCP server. It is assumed that the DHCP server can be reached via the global routing table, and therefore, the DHCP packets are forwarded to the global routing table.Examples
The following example shows that the IP address of the DHCP server is 192.0.2.1 and that the time to wait until the next DHCP server on the list is tried is 6 seconds:
Device(config)# crypto ikev2 client configuration group home Device(config-ikev2-client-config-group)# key abcd Device(config-ikev2-client-config-group)# dhcp server 192.0.2.1 Device(config-ikev2-client-config-group)# dhcp timeout 6dhcp server (isakmp)
To assign an IP address or hostname using a DHCP server, use the dhcp servercommand in crypto ISAKMP group configuration mode. To remove the assigned IP address or hostname, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
If this command is not configured, an IP address is assigned to a remote device using either a local pool that is configured on a router or a framed IP address attribute that is defined in RADIUS.
NoteUp to five DHCP servers can be configured one at a time.
NoteThe DHCP proxy feature does not include functionality for the DHCP server to "push" the DNS, WINS server, or domain name to the remote client.
Examples
The following example shows that the IP address of the DHCP server is 10.2.3.4 and that the time to wait until the next DHCP server on the list is tried is 6 seconds:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp client configuration group home Router (config-isakmp-group)# key abcd Router (config-isakmp-group)# dhcp server 10.2.3.4 Router (config-isakmp-group)# dhcp timeout 6dhcp timeout
To set the wait time before the next DHCP server on the list is tried, use the dhcp timeoutcommand in crypto ISAKMP group configuration mode. To remove the wait time that was set, use the no form of this command.
Examples
The following example shows that the IP address of the DHCP server is 10.2.3.4 and that the time to wait until the next DHCP server on the list is tried is 6 seconds:
Router (config)# crypto isakmp client configuration group home Router (config-isakmp-group)# dhcp server 10.2.3.4 Router (config-isakmp-group)# key abcd Router (config-isakmp-group)# dhcp timeout 6dialer aaa
To allow a dialer to access the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server for dialing information, use the dialer aaa command in interface configuration mode. To disable this function, use the no form of this command.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.0(3)T
This command was introduced.
12.1(5)T
The password and suffix keywords were added.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS release 12.(33)SRA.
12.2SX
This command is supported in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX train. Support in a specific 12.2SX release of this train depends on your feature set, platform, and platform hardware.
Usage Guidelines
This command is required for large scale dial-out and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) dial-out functionality. With this command, you can specify a suffix, a password, or both. If you do not specify a password, the default password will be “cisco.”
NoteOnly IP addresses can be specified as usernames for the dialer aaa suffix command.
diameter origin host
To configure the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the host of a Diameter node, use the diameter origin host command in global configuration mode. To disable the configured FQDN, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Because there is no host configured by default, it is mandatory to configure this information. The origin host information is sent in requests to a Diameter peer. Global Diameter protocol parameters are used if Diameter parameters have not been defined at a Diameter peer level.
diameter origin realm
To configure origin realm information for a Diameter node, use the diameter origin realm command in global configuration mode. To disable the configured realm information, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
Because there is no realm configured by default, it is mandatory to configure this information. Origin realm information is sent in requests to a Diameter peer.
diameter peer
To configure a device as a Diameter Protocol peer and enter the Diameter peer configuration submode, use the diameter peer command in global configuration mode. To disable Diameter Protocol configuration for a peer, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
This command enables the Diameter peer configuration submode. From the submode, you can configure other DCCA parameters. The configuration is applied when you exit the submode.
Examples
The following example shows how to configure a Diameter peer:
Router (config)# diameter peer dia_peer_1Related Commands
Command
Description
address ipv4
Defines a route to the host of the Diameter peer using IPv4.
destination host
Configures the FQDN of a Diameter peer.
destination realm
Configures the destination realm in which a Diameter peer is located.
ip vrf forwarding
Associates a VRF with a Diameter peer.
security ipsec
Configures IPSec as the security protocol for the Diameter peer-to-peer connection.
show diameter peer
Displays the Diameter peer configuration.
source interface
Configures the interface to connect to the Diameter peer.
timer
Configures Diameter base protocol timers for peer-to-peer communication.
transport {tcp} port
Configures the transport protocol for connections to the Diameter peer.
diameter redundancy
To enable the Diameter node to be a Cisco IOS Redundancy Facility (RF) client and track session states, use the diameter redundancy command in global configuration mode. To disable this feature, use the no form of this command.
Usage Guidelines
When you configure Diameter redundancy on a device, that device will not initiate any TCP connection while it is a standby node. Upon transition to active status, the device initiates a TCP connection to the Diameter peer.
NoteThis command is required for service-aware Packet Data Protocol (PDP) session redundancy. For more information about service-aware PDP session redundancy, see the “GTP-Session Redundancy for Service-Aware PDPs Overview” section of the Cisco GGSN Release 5.2 Configuration Guide .
Examples
The following example shows how to configure Diameter redundancy:
Router (config)# diameter redundancyRelated Commands
Command
Description
diameter origin host
Configures the FQDN of the host of this Diameter node.
diameter origin realm
Configures the realm of origin in which this Diameter node is located.
diameter timer
Configures Diameter base protocol timers to use if none have been configured at the Diameter peer level.
diameter vendor support
Configures a Diameter node to advertise the vendor AVPs it supports in capability exchange messages with Diameter peers.
diameter timer
To set either the frequency of transport connection attempts or the interval for sending watchdog messages, use the diameter timercommand in global configuration mode. To return to the default values, use the no form of this command.
diameter timer { connection | transaction | watch-dog } value
no diameter timer { connection | transaction | watch-dog } value
Syntax Description
connection
Maximum interval, in seconds, for the Gateway General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (GGSN) to attempt reconnection to a Diameter peer after being disconnected due to a transport failure. The range is from 1 to 1000. The default is 30.
A value of 0 configures the GGSN not to attempt reconnection.
transaction
Maximum interval, in seconds, the GGSN waits for a Diameter peer to respond before trying another peer. The range is from 1 to 1000. The default is 30.
watch-dog
Maximum interval, in seconds, the GGSN waits for a Diameter peer response to a watchdog packet. The range is from 1 to 1000. The default is 30.
Note When the watchdog timer expires, a device watchdog request (DWR) is sent to the Diameter peer and the watchdog timer is reset. If a device watchdog answer (DWA) is not received before the next expiration of the watchdog timer, a transport failure to the Diameter peer has occurred.
value
The valid range, in seconds, from 1 to 1000. The default is 30.
Usage Guidelines
When configuring timers, the value for the transaction timer should be larger than the transmission-timeout value, and, on the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), the values configured for the number of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) N3 requests and T3 retransmissions must be larger than the sum of all possible server timers (RADIUS, Diameter Credit Control Application (DCCA), and Cisco Content Services Gateway (CSG)). Specifically, the SGSN N3*T3 must be greater than 2 x RADIUS timeout + N x DCCA timeout + CSG timeout where:
- The factor 2 is for both authentication and accounting.
- The value N is for the number of Diameter servers configured in the server group.
diameter vendor supported
To configure a Diameter node to advertise the vendor-specific attribute value pairs (AVPs) it recognizes, use the diameter vendor supported command in global configuration mode. To remove the supported vendor configuration, use the no form of this command.
diameter vendor supported { Cisco | 3gpp | Vodafone }
no diameter vendor supported { Cisco | 3gpp | Vodafone }
Syntax Description
Cisco
Configures the Diameter node to advertise support for the Cisco-specific AVPs.
3gpp
Configures the Diameter node to advertise support for the AVPs that support the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Vodafone
Configures the Diameter node to advertise support for the Vodafone-specific AVPs.
Usage Guidelines
Individual vendors can define AVPs specific to their implementation of the Diameter Credit Control Application (DCCA), or for individual applications. You can configure multiple instances of this command, as long as each instance has a different vendor identifier.
Examples
The following example shows how to configure DCCA to advertise support for a the Cisco-specific AVPs:
Router (config)# diameter vendor supported CiscoRelated Commands
Command
Description
diameter origin host
Configures the FQDN of the host of this Diameter node.
diameter origin realm
Configures the realm of origin in which this Diameter node is located.
diameter redundancy
Enables the Diameter node to be a Cisco IOS RF client and track session states.
diameter timer
Configures Diameter base protocol timers to use if none have been configured at the Diameter peer level.
disable open-media-channel
To prevent the creation of Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) or RTP Control (RTCP) media channels when a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) class map is used for SIP inspection, use the disable open-media-channel command in parameter-map type configuration mode. To enable the creation of RTP or RTCP media channels, use the no form of this command or remove this parameter map from the inspect action.
Usage Guidelines
Cisco IOS Firewall Trust Relay Point (TRP) support enables Cisco IOS Firewall to process Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) (STUN) messages. The STUN messages open ports (pinholes) for secondary channels (RTP and RTCP), which are necessary for implementation of TRPs in voice networks.
Cisco IOS Firewall supports partial SIP inspection that allows the SIP Application-level Gateway (ALG) to parse the SIP message in a packet to check for protocol conformance.
To configure partial SIP inspection in voice networks, you must use the disable open-media-channel command to configure SIP ALG so that it does not open pinholes for media information found in the SDP message.
When Cisco IOS TRP is used in voice network for firewall traversal, Partial SIP-ALG (enabled when this parameter map is attached to the inspect action) provides security for SIP control channel and STUN with Cisco Flow data (CFD) provides security for the RTP and RTCP channels. If Partial SIP-ALG is not used, the normal SIP-ALG will open RTP and RTCP channels by itself.
disconnect ssh
To terminate a Secure Shell (SSH) connection on your router, use the disconnect ssh command in privileged EXEC mode.
dn
To associate the identity of a router with the distinguished name (DN) in the certificate of the router, use the dn command in crypto identity configuration mode. To remove this command from your configuration, use the no form of this command.
Command Default
If this command is not enabled, the router can communicate with any encrypted interface that is not restricted on its IP address.
Usage Guidelines
Use the dn command to associate the identity of the router, which is defined in the crypto identitycommand, with the DN that the peer used to authenticate itself.
NoteThe name defined in the crypto identity command must match the string defined in the dn command. That is, the identity of the peer must be the same as the identity in the exchanged certificate.
This command allows you set restrictions in the router configuration that prevent those peers with specific certificates, especially certificates with particular DNs, from having access to selected encrypted interfaces.
An encrypting peer matches this list if it contains the attributes listed in any one line defined within the name=string.
Examples
The following example shows how to configure an IPsec crypto map that can be used only by peers that have been authenticated by the DN and if the certificate belongs to “green”:
crypto map map-to-green 10 ipsec-isakmp set peer 172.21.114.196 set transform-set my-transformset match address 124 identity to-green ! crypto identity to-green dn ou=greendn (IKEv2)
To enable and derive an IKEv2 name mangler from identity of type distinguished name (DN), use the dn command in IKEv2 name mangler configuration mode. To remove the name derived from DN, use the no form of this command.
Syntax Description
common-name
Derives the name mangler from the common name portion in the DN.
country
Derives the name mangler from the country portion in the DN.
domain
Derives the name mangler from the domain portion in the DN.
locality
Derives the name mangler from the locality portion in the DN.
organization
Derives the name mangler from the organization portion in the DN.
organization-unit
Derives the name mangler from the organization-unit portion in the DN.
state
Derives the name mangler from the state portion in the DN.
Usage Guidelines
Use this command to derive the name mangler from any field in the remote identity of type DN.
dnis (AAA preauthentication)
To preauthenticate calls on the basis of the Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) number, use the dnis command in AAA preauthentication configuration mode. To remove the dnis command from your configuration, use the no form of this command.
dnis [ if-avail | required ] [accept-stop] [ password string ]
no dnis [ if-avail | required ] [accept-stop] [ password string ]
Syntax Description
if-avail
(Optional) Implies that if the switch provides the data, RADIUS must be reachable and must accept the string in order for preauthentication to pass. If the switch does not provide the data, preauthentication passes.
required
(Optional) Implies that the switch must provide the associated data, that RADIUS must be reachable, and that RADIUS must accept the string in order for preauthentication to pass. If these three conditions are not met, preauthentication fails.
accept-stop
(Optional) Prevents subsequent preauthentication elements from being tried once preauthentication has succeeded for a call element.
password string
(Optional) Password to use in the Access-Request packet. The default is cisco.
Command Default
The if-avail and required keywords are mutually exclusive. If the if-avail keyword is not configured, the preauthentication setting defaults to required.
The default password string is cisco.
Usage Guidelines
You may configure more than one of the AAA preauthentication commands (clid, ctype, dnis) to set conditions for preauthentication. The sequence of the command configuration decides the sequence of the preauthentication conditions. For example, if you configure dnis, then clid, then ctype, then this is the order of the conditions considered in the preauthentication process.
In addition to using the preauthentication commands to configure preauthentication on the Cisco router, you must set up the preauthentication profiles on the RADIUS server.
Examples
The following example enables DNIS preauthentication using a RADIUS server and the password Ascend-DNIS:
aaa preauth group radius dnis password Ascend-DNISThe following example specifies that incoming calls be preauthenticated on the basis of the DNIS number:
aaa preauth group radius dnis requiredRelated Commands
Command
Description
aaa preauth
Enters AAA preauthentication mode.
clid
Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the CLID number.
ctype
Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the call type.
dnis bypass (AAA preauthentication configuration)
Specifies a group of DNIS numbers that will be bypassed for preauthentication.
group (authentication)
Selects the security server to use for AAA preauthentication.
isdn guard-timer
Sets a guard timer to accept or reject a call in the event that the RADIUS server fails to respond to a preauthentication request.
dnis (RADIUS)
To preauthenticate calls on the basis of the DNIS (Dialed Number Identification Service) number, use the dnis command in AAA preauthentication configuration mode. To remove the dnis command from your configuration, use the no form of this command.
dnis [ if-avail | required ] [accept-stop] [ password password ]
no dnis [ if-avail | required ] [accept-stop] [ password password ]
Syntax Description
if-avail
(Optional) Implies that if the switch provides the data, RADIUS must be reachable and must accept the string in order for preauthentication to pass. If the switch does not provide the data, preauthentication passes.
required
(Optional) Implies that the switch must provide the associated data, that RADIUS must be reachable, and that RADIUS must accept the string in order for preauthentication to pass. If these three conditions are not met, preauthentication fails.
accept-stop
(Optional) Prevents subsequent preauthentication elements such as clid or ctype from being tried once preauthentication has succeeded for a call element.
password password
(Optional) Defines the password for the preauthentication element.
Command Default
The if-avail and required keywords are mutually exclusive. If the if-avail keyword is not configured, the preauthentication setting defaults to required.
The default password string is cisco.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.1(2)T
This command was introduced.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS release 12.(33)SRA.
12.2SX
This command is supported in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX train. Support in a specific 12.2SX release of this train depends on your feature set, platform, and platform hardware.
Usage Guidelines
You may configure more than one of the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) preauthentication commands (clid, ctype, dnis) to set conditions for preauthentication. The sequence of the command configuration decides the sequence of the preauthentication conditions. For example, if you configure dnis, then clid, then ctype, in this order, then this is the order of the conditions considered in the preauthentication process.
In addition to using the preauthentication commands to configure preauthentication on the Cisco router, you must set up the preauthentication profiles on the RADIUS server.
Examples
The following example specifies that incoming calls be preauthenticated on the basis of the DNIS number:
aaa preauth group radius dnis requiredRelated Commands
Command
Description
clid
Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the CLID number.
ctype
Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the call type.
dnis bypass (AAA preauthentication configuration)
Specifies a group of DNIS numbers that will be bypassed for preauthentication.
group (RADIUS)
Specifies the AAA RADIUS server group to use for preauthentication.
dnis bypass (AAA preauthentication configuration)
To specify a group of DNIS (Dialed Number Identification Service) numbers that will be bypassed for preauthentication, use the dnis bypass command in AAA preauthentication configuration mode. To remove the dnis bypass command from your configuration, use the no form of this command.
Command History
Release
Modification
12.1(2)T
This command was introduced.
12.2(33)SRA
This command was integrated into Cisco IOS release 12.(33)SRA.
12.2SX
This command is supported in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX train. Support in a specific 12.2SX release of this train depends on your feature set, platform, and platform hardware.
Usage Guidelines
Before using this command, you must first create a DNIS group with the dialer dnis group command.
Examples
The following example specifies that preauthentication be performed on all DNIS numbers except for two DNIS numbers (12345 and 12346), which have been defined in the DNIS group called hawaii:
aaa preauth group radius dnis required dnis bypass hawaii dialer dnis group hawaii number 12345 number 12346dns
To specify the primary and secondary Domain Name Service (DNS) servers, use the dns command in ISAKMP group configuration mode or IKEv2 authorization policy configuration mode. To remove this command from your configuration, use the no form of this command.
Command Modes
ISAKMP group configuration (config-isakmp-group)
IKEv2 authorization policy configuration (config-ikev2-author-policy)Usage Guidelines
Use the dns command to specify the primary and secondary DNS servers for the group.
You must enable the following commands before enabling the dns command:
Examples
The following example shows how to define a primary and secondary DNS server for the default group name:
crypto isakmp client configuration group default key cisco dns 10.2.2.2 10.3.2.3 pool dog acl 199Related Commands
Command
Description
acl
Configures split tunneling.
crypto ikev2 authorization policy
Specifies an IKEv2 authorization policy.
crypto isakmp client configuration group
Specifies the policy profile of the group that will be defined.
domain (isakmp-group)
Specifies the DNS domain to which a group belongs.
